Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019
<p>Particulate nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant=&...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2379/2023/acp-23-2379-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797901435347664896 |
|---|---|
| author | T. Zhai K. Lu K. Lu H. Wang S. Lou X. Chen X. Chen R. Hu Y. Zhang Y. Zhang |
| author_facet | T. Zhai K. Lu K. Lu H. Wang S. Lou X. Chen X. Chen R. Hu Y. Zhang Y. Zhang |
| author_sort | T. Zhai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Particulate nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="454fcbc2827c64c4045c795e8a493d8f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00001.svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> is one of the dominant components of fine particles in China, especially during pollution episodes,
and has a significant impact on human health, air quality, and climate. Here
a comprehensive field campaign that focuses on the atmospheric oxidation
capacity and aerosol formation and their effects in the Yangtze River Delta
(YRD) was conducted from May to June 2019 at a regional site in Changzhou,
Jiangsu Province in China. The concentrations of NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="53e1f98be2cdf70dbe180d95894fc6b5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, OH radicals, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>, and relevant parameters were measured simultaneously. We showed a high NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="76bbd0535ad9c3e987722e2e722d5d00"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00003.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> mass concentration with
10.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 8.9 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> on average, which accounted for 38.3 % of total water-soluble particulate components and 32.0 % of total
PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, followed by the proportion of sulfate, ammonium, and chloride by
26.0 %, 18.0 %, and 2.0 %, respectively. This result confirmed that
the heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China happened not only in winter, but also in summer. This study's high nitrate oxidation ratio (NOR)
emphasized the solid atmospheric oxidation and fast nitrate formation
capacity in the YRD. It was found that OH <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> during daytime dominated nitrate formation on clean days, while N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5</sub></span> hydrolysis vastly
enhanced and became comparable with that of OH <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> during polluted
days (67.2 % and 30.2 %, respectively). The updated observed-constraint Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) was used to assess the kinetic
controlling factors of both local O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="01db1dfc152077444e810c7eff7103ec"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00004.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> productions,
which indicated that the O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>-targeted scheme (VOCs <span class="inline-formula">:</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> <span class="inline-formula">2:1</span>)
is adequate for mitigating the O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and nitrate pollution coordinately during summertime in this region. Our results promote the understanding of
nitrate pollution mechanisms and mitigation based on field observation and
model simulation and call for more attention to nitrate pollution in the
summertime.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:00:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dc2e116a0ae4bf0b14f06ff91fdf012 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T09:00:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dc2e116a0ae4bf0b14f06ff91fdf0122023-02-21T13:18:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-02-01232379239110.5194/acp-23-2379-2023Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019T. Zhai0K. Lu1K. Lu2H. Wang3S. Lou4X. Chen5X. Chen6R. Hu7Y. Zhang8Y. Zhang9State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200223, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, Chinanow at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China<p>Particulate nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="454fcbc2827c64c4045c795e8a493d8f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00001.svg" width="12pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> is one of the dominant components of fine particles in China, especially during pollution episodes, and has a significant impact on human health, air quality, and climate. Here a comprehensive field campaign that focuses on the atmospheric oxidation capacity and aerosol formation and their effects in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was conducted from May to June 2019 at a regional site in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province in China. The concentrations of NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="53e1f98be2cdf70dbe180d95894fc6b5"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00002.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, OH radicals, N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>, and relevant parameters were measured simultaneously. We showed a high NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="76bbd0535ad9c3e987722e2e722d5d00"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00003.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> mass concentration with 10.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 8.9 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> on average, which accounted for 38.3 % of total water-soluble particulate components and 32.0 % of total PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, followed by the proportion of sulfate, ammonium, and chloride by 26.0 %, 18.0 %, and 2.0 %, respectively. This result confirmed that the heavy nitrate pollution in eastern China happened not only in winter, but also in summer. This study's high nitrate oxidation ratio (NOR) emphasized the solid atmospheric oxidation and fast nitrate formation capacity in the YRD. It was found that OH <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> during daytime dominated nitrate formation on clean days, while N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>5</sub></span> hydrolysis vastly enhanced and became comparable with that of OH <span class="inline-formula">+</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> during polluted days (67.2 % and 30.2 %, respectively). The updated observed-constraint Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) was used to assess the kinetic controlling factors of both local O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="01db1dfc152077444e810c7eff7103ec"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00004.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-23-2379-2023-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> productions, which indicated that the O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>-targeted scheme (VOCs <span class="inline-formula">:</span> NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> <span class="inline-formula">2:1</span>) is adequate for mitigating the O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and nitrate pollution coordinately during summertime in this region. Our results promote the understanding of nitrate pollution mechanisms and mitigation based on field observation and model simulation and call for more attention to nitrate pollution in the summertime.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2379/2023/acp-23-2379-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | T. Zhai K. Lu K. Lu H. Wang S. Lou X. Chen X. Chen R. Hu Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 |
| title_full | Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 |
| title_fullStr | Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 |
| title_short | Elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the Yangtze River Delta summer 2019 |
| title_sort | elucidate the formation mechanism of particulate nitrate based on direct radical observations in the yangtze river delta summer 2019 |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/2379/2023/acp-23-2379-2023.pdf |
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