Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) consist of a single or few layers of graphene sheets or modified graphene including pristine graphene, graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as graphene modified with various functional groups or chemicals (e.g., hyd...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/82 |
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| author | Chunxue Kong Junwen Chen Ping Li Yukang Wu Guowei Zhang Bimin Sang Rui Li Yuqin Shi Xiuqing Cui Ting Zhou |
| author_facet | Chunxue Kong Junwen Chen Ping Li Yukang Wu Guowei Zhang Bimin Sang Rui Li Yuqin Shi Xiuqing Cui Ting Zhou |
| author_sort | Chunxue Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) consist of a single or few layers of graphene sheets or modified graphene including pristine graphene, graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as graphene modified with various functional groups or chemicals (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and polyethylene glycol), which are frequently used in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties. Given the widespread production and extensive application of GBNs, they can be disseminated in a wide range of environmental mediums, such as air, water, food, and soil. GBNs can enter the human body through various routes such as inhalation, ingestion, dermal penetration, injection, and implantation in biomedical applications, and the majority of GBNs tend to accumulate in the respiratory system. GBNs inhaled and substantially deposited in the human respiratory tract may impair lung defenses and clearance, resulting in the formation of granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the specific toxicity of the respiratory system caused by different GBNs, their influencing factors, and the underlying mechanisms remain relatively scarce. This review summarizes recent advances in the exposure, metabolism, toxicity and potential mechanisms, current limitations, and future perspectives of various GBNs in the respiratory system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dc551efab1941bc8b55508020cdb6ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dc551efab1941bc8b55508020cdb6ae2024-01-26T18:41:46ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-01-011218210.3390/toxics12010082Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A ReviewChunxue Kong0Junwen Chen1Ping Li2Yukang Wu3Guowei Zhang4Bimin Sang5Rui Li6Yuqin Shi7Xiuqing Cui8Ting Zhou9Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, ChinaDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, ChinaDepartment of Physical and Chemical Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi 214023, ChinaEnvironmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, ChinaEnvironmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, ChinaHubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaEnvironmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, ChinaHubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, ChinaEnvironmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, ChinaGraphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) consist of a single or few layers of graphene sheets or modified graphene including pristine graphene, graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as graphene modified with various functional groups or chemicals (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and polyethylene glycol), which are frequently used in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties. Given the widespread production and extensive application of GBNs, they can be disseminated in a wide range of environmental mediums, such as air, water, food, and soil. GBNs can enter the human body through various routes such as inhalation, ingestion, dermal penetration, injection, and implantation in biomedical applications, and the majority of GBNs tend to accumulate in the respiratory system. GBNs inhaled and substantially deposited in the human respiratory tract may impair lung defenses and clearance, resulting in the formation of granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the specific toxicity of the respiratory system caused by different GBNs, their influencing factors, and the underlying mechanisms remain relatively scarce. This review summarizes recent advances in the exposure, metabolism, toxicity and potential mechanisms, current limitations, and future perspectives of various GBNs in the respiratory system.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/82graphenenanomaterialsrespiratory toxicologyreview |
| spellingShingle | Chunxue Kong Junwen Chen Ping Li Yukang Wu Guowei Zhang Bimin Sang Rui Li Yuqin Shi Xiuqing Cui Ting Zhou Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review Toxics graphene nanomaterials respiratory toxicology review |
| title | Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review |
| title_full | Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review |
| title_short | Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Review |
| title_sort | respiratory toxicology of graphene based nanomaterials a review |
| topic | graphene nanomaterials respiratory toxicology review |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/1/82 |
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