A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock
With an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2631 |
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| author | Yu-Min Lee Shinyoung Lee Hae-Yeong Kim |
| author_facet | Yu-Min Lee Shinyoung Lee Hae-Yeong Kim |
| author_sort | Yu-Min Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed fish products after processing because of their similar morphological characteristics. Substitution and mislabeling of codfish among different species are also happening deliberately or unintentionally. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish cod species to prevent fish adulteration and food fraud. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR for simultaneously identifying five cod species within <i>Gadidae</i> using capillary electrophoresis. Then, their species-specific primer sets were designed by targeting the mitochondrial <i>cytochrome b</i> gene. Subsequently, the amplicon sizes obtained were 237 bp, 204 bp, 164 bp, 138 bp, and 98 bp for Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, blue whiting, haddock, and Alaska pollock, respectively. The specificity of each primer was further tested using 19 fish species, and no cross-reactivity was observed. The limit of detection of this multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg. The developed multiplex PCR assay can be applied to 40 commercial food products successfully. This detection method will be efficient for managing seafood authentication by simultaneously analyzing multiple cod species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:19Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:30:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dc86a390f5a4fb0a8a2dde21652f7ab2023-11-22T23:19:43ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-10-011011263110.3390/foods10112631A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska PollockYu-Min Lee0Shinyoung Lee1Hae-Yeong Kim2Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, KoreaInstitute of Life Sciences & Resources, Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, KoreaInstitute of Life Sciences & Resources, Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, KoreaWith an increased consumption of seafood products, food fraud with fish resources has been continuously reported. In particular, codfish has been exploited worldwide as a processed product in fresh, frozen, smoked, canned, or ready-to-eat dish forms. However, it is challenging to identify processed fish products after processing because of their similar morphological characteristics. Substitution and mislabeling of codfish among different species are also happening deliberately or unintentionally. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish cod species to prevent fish adulteration and food fraud. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR for simultaneously identifying five cod species within <i>Gadidae</i> using capillary electrophoresis. Then, their species-specific primer sets were designed by targeting the mitochondrial <i>cytochrome b</i> gene. Subsequently, the amplicon sizes obtained were 237 bp, 204 bp, 164 bp, 138 bp, and 98 bp for Atlantic cod, Pacific cod, blue whiting, haddock, and Alaska pollock, respectively. The specificity of each primer was further tested using 19 fish species, and no cross-reactivity was observed. The limit of detection of this multiplex PCR assay was 1 pg. The developed multiplex PCR assay can be applied to 40 commercial food products successfully. This detection method will be efficient for managing seafood authentication by simultaneously analyzing multiple cod species.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2631codmultiplex PCRspecies identificationcapillary electrophoresis |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Min Lee Shinyoung Lee Hae-Yeong Kim A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock Foods cod multiplex PCR species identification capillary electrophoresis |
| title | A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock |
| title_full | A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock |
| title_fullStr | A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock |
| title_short | A Multiplex PCR Assay Combined with Capillary Electrophoresis for the Simultaneous Identification of Atlantic Cod, Pacific Cod, Blue Whiting, Haddock, and Alaska Pollock |
| title_sort | multiplex pcr assay combined with capillary electrophoresis for the simultaneous identification of atlantic cod pacific cod blue whiting haddock and alaska pollock |
| topic | cod multiplex PCR species identification capillary electrophoresis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/11/2631 |
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