Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst
Sulfonated carbonaceous material useful as a solid acid catalyst was prepared from lignosulfonate, a waste of the paper-making industry sulfite pulping process, and characterized by 13C-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis, etc. The sulfonic acid group density and total density of all acid gr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2013-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/7/8168 |
| _version_ | 1828930233116393472 |
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| author | Duckhee Lee |
| author_facet | Duckhee Lee |
| author_sort | Duckhee Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sulfonated carbonaceous material useful as a solid acid catalyst was prepared from lignosulfonate, a waste of the paper-making industry sulfite pulping process, and characterized by 13C-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis, etc. The sulfonic acid group density and total density of all acid groups in the sulfonated carbonaceous material was determined by titration to be 1.24 mmol/g and 5.90 mmol/g, respectively. Its catalytic activity in the esterification of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with anhydrous ethanol was shown to be comparable to that of the ionic exchange resin Amberlyst-15, when they were used in the same amount. In the meantime, the sulfonic acid group was found to be leached out by 26%–29% after it was exposed to hot water (95 °C) for 5 h. The catalytic usefulness of the prepared carbonaceous material was investigated by performing esterifications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:29:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dd8856dcc3842078dd98dbed0ddd624 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:29:43Z |
| publishDate | 2013-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dd8856dcc3842078dd98dbed0ddd6242022-12-21T23:24:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492013-07-011878168818010.3390/molecules18078168Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification CatalystDuckhee LeeSulfonated carbonaceous material useful as a solid acid catalyst was prepared from lignosulfonate, a waste of the paper-making industry sulfite pulping process, and characterized by 13C-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis, etc. The sulfonic acid group density and total density of all acid groups in the sulfonated carbonaceous material was determined by titration to be 1.24 mmol/g and 5.90 mmol/g, respectively. Its catalytic activity in the esterification of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with anhydrous ethanol was shown to be comparable to that of the ionic exchange resin Amberlyst-15, when they were used in the same amount. In the meantime, the sulfonic acid group was found to be leached out by 26%–29% after it was exposed to hot water (95 °C) for 5 h. The catalytic usefulness of the prepared carbonaceous material was investigated by performing esterifications.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/7/8168sulfonated carbonaceous materiallignosulfonatesolid acid catalyst |
| spellingShingle | Duckhee Lee Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst Molecules sulfonated carbonaceous material lignosulfonate solid acid catalyst |
| title | Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst |
| title_full | Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst |
| title_fullStr | Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst |
| title_short | Preparation of a Sulfonated Carbonaceous Material from Lignosulfonate and Its Usefulness as an Esterification Catalyst |
| title_sort | preparation of a sulfonated carbonaceous material from lignosulfonate and its usefulness as an esterification catalyst |
| topic | sulfonated carbonaceous material lignosulfonate solid acid catalyst |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/7/8168 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT duckheelee preparationofasulfonatedcarbonaceousmaterialfromlignosulfonateanditsusefulnessasanesterificationcatalyst |