Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis
Chelonia mydas (green turtles) are being threatened worldwide by fibropapillomatosis (FP), which has seriously affected their survival. The presence of FP on the body surface and visceral organs of green turtles found dead was confirmed, causing obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, changes in...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1185111/full |
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| author | Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Ian-I Lei Omkar Vijay Byadgi I-Chun Chen Ming-An Tsai Ming-An Tsai |
| author_facet | Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Ian-I Lei Omkar Vijay Byadgi I-Chun Chen Ming-An Tsai Ming-An Tsai |
| author_sort | Tsung-Hsien Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chelonia mydas (green turtles) are being threatened worldwide by fibropapillomatosis (FP), which has seriously affected their survival. The presence of FP on the body surface and visceral organs of green turtles found dead was confirmed, causing obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, changes in foraging behavior, and reduction of visceral functions. The etiology of FP has not yet been elucidated, and previous research generally considers that the occurrence of FP is related to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), associated with low animal immunity, and also with marine environmental factors, such as poor water quality and eutrophication. However, there is no evaluation on the induction of FP pathogenesis associated with the green turtle. In this study, we evaluated blood samples from green turtles with and without FP using de novo transcriptome assembly. Results indicated that 3,090 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05) were identified, including 1,357 upregulated genes and 1,733 downregulated genes in turtles with or without FP. We observed that DEGs, which are significantly upregulated, are found in cancer development, namely, MAPK1IP1L and APAF1. Furthermore, the infected green turtle indicated that the greater number of DEGs was contributed by the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, which can be activated through an endocytosis of the viral particle by the immune system cells, and the Wnt signaling pathway, which is believed to have played a role in FP tumorigenesis. We validated the more upregulated/downregulated DEGs in cancer development and immunization, and DEGs such as LEF1, BTRC, and FOSL1 participating in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, as well as ERBIN, TRAF6, and NFKB1 in the Wnt signaling pathway, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Altogether, this study provided some genes as potential markers during FP infection and a further evidence of FP in endangered green turtles in Taiwan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:29:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dd969031be344539b5ab194e13a1871 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:29:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dd969031be344539b5ab194e13a18712023-07-21T18:09:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-07-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11851111185111Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysisTsung-Hsien Li0Tsung-Hsien Li1Tsung-Hsien Li2Ian-I Lei3Omkar Vijay Byadgi4I-Chun Chen5Ming-An Tsai6Ming-An Tsai7National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanInstitute of Marine Ecology and Conservation, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanInternational Program in Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanNational Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, TaiwanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanInternational Program in Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, TaiwanChelonia mydas (green turtles) are being threatened worldwide by fibropapillomatosis (FP), which has seriously affected their survival. The presence of FP on the body surface and visceral organs of green turtles found dead was confirmed, causing obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, changes in foraging behavior, and reduction of visceral functions. The etiology of FP has not yet been elucidated, and previous research generally considers that the occurrence of FP is related to the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), associated with low animal immunity, and also with marine environmental factors, such as poor water quality and eutrophication. However, there is no evaluation on the induction of FP pathogenesis associated with the green turtle. In this study, we evaluated blood samples from green turtles with and without FP using de novo transcriptome assembly. Results indicated that 3,090 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05) were identified, including 1,357 upregulated genes and 1,733 downregulated genes in turtles with or without FP. We observed that DEGs, which are significantly upregulated, are found in cancer development, namely, MAPK1IP1L and APAF1. Furthermore, the infected green turtle indicated that the greater number of DEGs was contributed by the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, which can be activated through an endocytosis of the viral particle by the immune system cells, and the Wnt signaling pathway, which is believed to have played a role in FP tumorigenesis. We validated the more upregulated/downregulated DEGs in cancer development and immunization, and DEGs such as LEF1, BTRC, and FOSL1 participating in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, as well as ERBIN, TRAF6, and NFKB1 in the Wnt signaling pathway, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Altogether, this study provided some genes as potential markers during FP infection and a further evidence of FP in endangered green turtles in Taiwan.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1185111/fullmarine turtlefibropapillomatosisde novo transcriptome assemblydifferentially expressed genesNOD-like receptor signaling pathwaypathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Tsung-Hsien Li Ian-I Lei Omkar Vijay Byadgi I-Chun Chen Ming-An Tsai Ming-An Tsai Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis Frontiers in Marine Science marine turtle fibropapillomatosis de novo transcriptome assembly differentially expressed genes NOD-like receptor signaling pathway pathogenesis |
| title | Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| title_full | Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| title_fullStr | Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| title_short | Evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| title_sort | evidence of chelonid herpesvirus 5 infection in green turtle chelonia mydas indicated a possible tumorigenesis activation by transcriptome analysis |
| topic | marine turtle fibropapillomatosis de novo transcriptome assembly differentially expressed genes NOD-like receptor signaling pathway pathogenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1185111/full |
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