A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model
For the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), large-scale melt area has increased in recent years and is detectable via remote sensing, but its relation to runoff is not known. Historical, modeled melt area and runoff from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-Replay), the Int...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/feart.2016.00010/full |
| _version_ | 1811268221919035392 |
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| author | Richard eCullather Richard eCullather Sophie eNowicki Bin eZhao Bin eZhao Lora eKoenig |
| author_facet | Richard eCullather Richard eCullather Sophie eNowicki Bin eZhao Bin eZhao Lora eKoenig |
| author_sort | Richard eCullather |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), large-scale melt area has increased in recent years and is detectable via remote sensing, but its relation to runoff is not known. Historical, modeled melt area and runoff from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-Replay), the Interim Re-Analysis of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR), and the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) are examined. These sources compare favorably with satellite-derived estimates of surface melt area for the period 2000-2012. Spatially, the models markedly disagree on the number of melt days in the interior of the southern part of the ice sheet, and on the extent of persistent melt areas in the northeastern GrIS. Temporally, the models agree on the mean seasonality of daily surface melt and on the timing of large-scale melt events in 2012. In contrast, the models disagree on the amount, seasonality, spatial distribution, and temporal variability of runoff. As compared to global reanalyses, time series from MAR indicate a lower correlation between runoff and melt area (r2 = 0.805). Runoff in MAR is much larger in the second half of the melt season for all drainage basins, while the ASR indicates larger runoff in the first half of the year. This difference in seasonality for the MAR and to an extent for the ASR provide a hysteresis in the relation between runoff and melt area, which is not found in the other models. The comparison points to a need for reliable observations of surface runoff. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:17:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3dea6d877af54ebfbeb4fd861ba3cbed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:17:55Z |
| publishDate | 2016-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3dea6d877af54ebfbeb4fd861ba3cbed2022-12-22T03:16:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632016-02-01410.3389/feart.2016.00010171757A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate modelRichard eCullather0Richard eCullather1Sophie eNowicki2Bin eZhao3Bin eZhao4Lora eKoenig5University of Maryland at College ParkNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterScience Applications International CorporationUniversity of Colorado at BoulderFor the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), large-scale melt area has increased in recent years and is detectable via remote sensing, but its relation to runoff is not known. Historical, modeled melt area and runoff from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-Replay), the Interim Re-Analysis of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR), and the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) are examined. These sources compare favorably with satellite-derived estimates of surface melt area for the period 2000-2012. Spatially, the models markedly disagree on the number of melt days in the interior of the southern part of the ice sheet, and on the extent of persistent melt areas in the northeastern GrIS. Temporally, the models agree on the mean seasonality of daily surface melt and on the timing of large-scale melt events in 2012. In contrast, the models disagree on the amount, seasonality, spatial distribution, and temporal variability of runoff. As compared to global reanalyses, time series from MAR indicate a lower correlation between runoff and melt area (r2 = 0.805). Runoff in MAR is much larger in the second half of the melt season for all drainage basins, while the ASR indicates larger runoff in the first half of the year. This difference in seasonality for the MAR and to an extent for the ASR provide a hysteresis in the relation between runoff and melt area, which is not found in the other models. The comparison points to a need for reliable observations of surface runoff.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/feart.2016.00010/fullGreenlandrunoffregional climate modelIce sheetsReanalysesmelt area |
| spellingShingle | Richard eCullather Richard eCullather Sophie eNowicki Bin eZhao Bin eZhao Lora eKoenig A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model Frontiers in Earth Science Greenland runoff regional climate model Ice sheets Reanalyses melt area |
| title | A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| title_full | A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| title_fullStr | A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| title_full_unstemmed | A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| title_short | A characterization of Greenland Ice Sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| title_sort | characterization of greenland ice sheet surface melt and runoff in contemporary reanalyses and a regional climate model |
| topic | Greenland runoff regional climate model Ice sheets Reanalyses melt area |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/feart.2016.00010/full |
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