Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride)
Poly(vinyl chloride) degrades when exposed to ultraviolet light for long durations; therefore, the photostability of polymeric materials should be enhanced through the application of additives. New organotin complexes containing 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid were synthesized and their role as p...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3629 |
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| author | Hadeer Jasem Angham G. Hadi Gamal A. El-Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Hassan Hashim Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif |
| author_facet | Hadeer Jasem Angham G. Hadi Gamal A. El-Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Hassan Hashim Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif |
| author_sort | Hadeer Jasem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poly(vinyl chloride) degrades when exposed to ultraviolet light for long durations; therefore, the photostability of polymeric materials should be enhanced through the application of additives. New organotin complexes containing 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid were synthesized and their role as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers were evaluated. The reaction of 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid and appropriate di- or trisubstituted tin chloride (triphenyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, dibutyltin dichloride, and dimethyltin dichloride) in methanol under reflux gave the corresponding tin-naphthalene complexes with yields of 75%–95%. Elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques including infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and tin) were used to confirm their structures. The tin complexes were added to poly(vinyl chloride) to produce thin films that irradiated with ultraviolet light. Various parameters were assessed, such as the weight loss, formation of specific functional groups, changes in the surface due to photoirradiation, and rate constant of photodegradation, to test the role played by the organotin complexes to reduce photodegradation in polymeric films. The results proved that organotin complexes acted as photostabilizers in these circumstances. The weight loss, formation of fragments containing specific functional groups, and undesirable changes in the surface of polymeric films were limited in the presence of organotin complexes. Organotin complexes containing three phenyl groups showed the most desirable stabilization effect. These act as efficient primary and secondary photostabilizers, and as decomposers for peroxides. In addition, such an additive inhibits the dehydrochlorination process, which is the main cause of poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:26:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3df6774b307e4b848e10b06bbdaea0bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:26:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3df6774b307e4b848e10b06bbdaea0bf2023-11-22T00:00:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-012612362910.3390/molecules26123629Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride)Hadeer Jasem0Angham G. Hadi1Gamal A. El-Hiti2Mohammed A. Baashen3Hassan Hashim4Ahmed A. Ahmed5Dina S. Ahmed6Emad Yousif7Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, IraqCornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 11911, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, IraqPolymer Research Unit, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, IraqDepartment of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, IraqDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, IraqPoly(vinyl chloride) degrades when exposed to ultraviolet light for long durations; therefore, the photostability of polymeric materials should be enhanced through the application of additives. New organotin complexes containing 4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid were synthesized and their role as poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilizers were evaluated. The reaction of 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid and appropriate di- or trisubstituted tin chloride (triphenyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, dibutyltin dichloride, and dimethyltin dichloride) in methanol under reflux gave the corresponding tin-naphthalene complexes with yields of 75%–95%. Elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques including infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (proton and tin) were used to confirm their structures. The tin complexes were added to poly(vinyl chloride) to produce thin films that irradiated with ultraviolet light. Various parameters were assessed, such as the weight loss, formation of specific functional groups, changes in the surface due to photoirradiation, and rate constant of photodegradation, to test the role played by the organotin complexes to reduce photodegradation in polymeric films. The results proved that organotin complexes acted as photostabilizers in these circumstances. The weight loss, formation of fragments containing specific functional groups, and undesirable changes in the surface of polymeric films were limited in the presence of organotin complexes. Organotin complexes containing three phenyl groups showed the most desirable stabilization effect. These act as efficient primary and secondary photostabilizers, and as decomposers for peroxides. In addition, such an additive inhibits the dehydrochlorination process, which is the main cause of poly(vinyl chloride) photodegradation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3629poly(vinyl chloride)tin-naphthalene sulfonic acid complexesphotostabilizersweight lossultraviolet irradiationthin films |
| spellingShingle | Hadeer Jasem Angham G. Hadi Gamal A. El-Hiti Mohammed A. Baashen Hassan Hashim Ahmed A. Ahmed Dina S. Ahmed Emad Yousif Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) Molecules poly(vinyl chloride) tin-naphthalene sulfonic acid complexes photostabilizers weight loss ultraviolet irradiation thin films |
| title | Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| title_full | Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| title_fullStr | Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| title_short | Tin-Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Complexes as Photostabilizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) |
| title_sort | tin naphthalene sulfonic acid complexes as photostabilizers for poly vinyl chloride |
| topic | poly(vinyl chloride) tin-naphthalene sulfonic acid complexes photostabilizers weight loss ultraviolet irradiation thin films |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3629 |
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