The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo
GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected that has occurred at low Galactic latitude. Owing to this exceptional combination, its prompt X-ray emission could be detected for weeks in the form of expanding X-ray rings produced by scattering in Galactic dust clouds. We report on...
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc1dc |
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author | Andrea Tiengo Fabio Pintore Beatrice Vaia Simone Filippi Andrea Sacchi Paolo Esposito Michela Rigoselli Sandro Mereghetti Ruben Salvaterra Barbara Šiljeg Andrea Bracco Željka Bošnjak Vibor Jelić Sergio Campana |
author_facet | Andrea Tiengo Fabio Pintore Beatrice Vaia Simone Filippi Andrea Sacchi Paolo Esposito Michela Rigoselli Sandro Mereghetti Ruben Salvaterra Barbara Šiljeg Andrea Bracco Željka Bošnjak Vibor Jelić Sergio Campana |
author_sort | Andrea Tiengo |
collection | DOAJ |
description | GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected that has occurred at low Galactic latitude. Owing to this exceptional combination, its prompt X-ray emission could be detected for weeks in the form of expanding X-ray rings produced by scattering in Galactic dust clouds. We report on the analysis of 20 rings, generated by dust at distances ranging from 0.3 to 18.6 kpc, detected during two X‐ray Multi Mirror (XMM)-Newton observations performed about 2 and 5 days after the GRB. By fitting the spectra of the rings with different models for the dust composition and grain size distribution, we reconstructed the spectrum of the GRB prompt emission in the 0.7–4 keV energy range as an absorbed power law with photon index Γ = 1–1.4 and absorption in the host galaxy N _H,z = (4.1–5.3) × 10 ^21 cm ^−2 . Taking into account the systematic uncertainties regarding the column density of dust contained in the clouds producing the rings, the 0.5–5 keV fluence of GRB 221009A can be constrained between 10 ^−3 and 7 × 10 ^−3 erg cm ^−2 . Both the fluence and the photon index indicate the presence of a possible soft excess with respect to the extrapolation of the main GRB peak observed at higher energies. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:42:44Z |
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issn | 2041-8205 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:42:44Z |
publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
publisher | IOP Publishing |
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series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
spelling | doaj.art-3e00a6c9a37940f0bde7848e9fab09242023-09-03T09:30:41ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019461L3010.3847/2041-8213/acc1dcThe Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering HaloAndrea Tiengo0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-1090Fabio Pintore1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-2925Beatrice Vaia2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-0257Simone Filippi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-9835Andrea Sacchi4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-5661Paolo Esposito5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-5092Michela Rigoselli6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6641-5450Sandro Mereghetti7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-7801Ruben Salvaterra8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-8078Barbara Šiljeg9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-8286Andrea Bracco10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0932-3140Željka Bošnjak11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6536-0320Vibor Jelić12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-8610Sergio Campana13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-1576Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo , Via U. La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, ItalyScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento , Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo (TN), ItalyScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Physics “A. Volta,” University of Pavia , Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, ItalyScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, ItalyScuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Milano , via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, ItalyASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands; Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaLaboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris , F-75005 Paris, FranceFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb , Unska ul.3, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaIstituto Nazionale di Astrofisica , Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyGRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected that has occurred at low Galactic latitude. Owing to this exceptional combination, its prompt X-ray emission could be detected for weeks in the form of expanding X-ray rings produced by scattering in Galactic dust clouds. We report on the analysis of 20 rings, generated by dust at distances ranging from 0.3 to 18.6 kpc, detected during two X‐ray Multi Mirror (XMM)-Newton observations performed about 2 and 5 days after the GRB. By fitting the spectra of the rings with different models for the dust composition and grain size distribution, we reconstructed the spectrum of the GRB prompt emission in the 0.7–4 keV energy range as an absorbed power law with photon index Γ = 1–1.4 and absorption in the host galaxy N _H,z = (4.1–5.3) × 10 ^21 cm ^−2 . Taking into account the systematic uncertainties regarding the column density of dust contained in the clouds producing the rings, the 0.5–5 keV fluence of GRB 221009A can be constrained between 10 ^−3 and 7 × 10 ^−3 erg cm ^−2 . Both the fluence and the photon index indicate the presence of a possible soft excess with respect to the extrapolation of the main GRB peak observed at higher energies.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc1dcGamma-ray burstsInterstellar dustInterstellar dust extinctionInterstellar scattering |
spellingShingle | Andrea Tiengo Fabio Pintore Beatrice Vaia Simone Filippi Andrea Sacchi Paolo Esposito Michela Rigoselli Sandro Mereghetti Ruben Salvaterra Barbara Šiljeg Andrea Bracco Željka Bošnjak Vibor Jelić Sergio Campana The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo The Astrophysical Journal Letters Gamma-ray bursts Interstellar dust Interstellar dust extinction Interstellar scattering |
title | The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo |
title_full | The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo |
title_fullStr | The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo |
title_full_unstemmed | The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo |
title_short | The Power of the Rings: The GRB 221009A Soft X-Ray Emission from Its Dust-scattering Halo |
title_sort | power of the rings the grb 221009a soft x ray emission from its dust scattering halo |
topic | Gamma-ray bursts Interstellar dust Interstellar dust extinction Interstellar scattering |
url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acc1dc |
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