Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea
Autophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/339 |
| _version_ | 1797482394775715840 |
|---|---|
| author | Duraisamy Kempuraj Rajiv R. Mohan |
| author_facet | Duraisamy Kempuraj Rajiv R. Mohan |
| author_sort | Duraisamy Kempuraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective inflammation, organ dysfunctions, cell death, and diseases. The cornea accounts for two-thirds of the refraction of light that occurs in the eyes, but is prone to trauma/injury and infection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular dynamic macromolecular network in corneal tissues comprised of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins. The ECM undergoes remodeling by matrix-degrading enzymes and maintains corneal transparency. Autophagy plays an important role in the ECM and wound healing maintenance. Delayed/dysregulated autophagy impacts the ECM and wound healing, and can lead to corneal dysfunction. Stromal wound healing involves responses from the corneal epithelium, basement membrane, keratocytes, the ECM, and many cytokines and chemokines, including transforming growth factor beta-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. Mild corneal injuries self-repair, but greater injuries lead to corneal haze/scars/fibrosis and vision loss due to disruptions in the ECM, autophagy, and normal wound healing processes. Presently, the precise role of autophagy and ECM remodeling in corneal wound healing is elusive. This review discusses recent trends in autophagy and ECM modulation in the context of corneal wound healing and homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e0997d428574e9b84180edce13759fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:32:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e0997d428574e9b84180edce13759fa2023-11-23T18:54:04ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-02-0110233910.3390/biomedicines10020339Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the CorneaDuraisamy Kempuraj0Rajiv R. Mohan1Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USAHarry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USAAutophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective inflammation, organ dysfunctions, cell death, and diseases. The cornea accounts for two-thirds of the refraction of light that occurs in the eyes, but is prone to trauma/injury and infection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular dynamic macromolecular network in corneal tissues comprised of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins. The ECM undergoes remodeling by matrix-degrading enzymes and maintains corneal transparency. Autophagy plays an important role in the ECM and wound healing maintenance. Delayed/dysregulated autophagy impacts the ECM and wound healing, and can lead to corneal dysfunction. Stromal wound healing involves responses from the corneal epithelium, basement membrane, keratocytes, the ECM, and many cytokines and chemokines, including transforming growth factor beta-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. Mild corneal injuries self-repair, but greater injuries lead to corneal haze/scars/fibrosis and vision loss due to disruptions in the ECM, autophagy, and normal wound healing processes. Presently, the precise role of autophagy and ECM remodeling in corneal wound healing is elusive. This review discusses recent trends in autophagy and ECM modulation in the context of corneal wound healing and homeostasis.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/339autophagycorneal wound healingextracellular matrixfibrosisinflammationmast cells |
| spellingShingle | Duraisamy Kempuraj Rajiv R. Mohan Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea Biomedicines autophagy corneal wound healing extracellular matrix fibrosis inflammation mast cells |
| title | Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea |
| title_full | Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea |
| title_fullStr | Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea |
| title_short | Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea |
| title_sort | autophagy in extracellular matrix and wound healing modulation in the cornea |
| topic | autophagy corneal wound healing extracellular matrix fibrosis inflammation mast cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT duraisamykempuraj autophagyinextracellularmatrixandwoundhealingmodulationinthecornea AT rajivrmohan autophagyinextracellularmatrixandwoundhealingmodulationinthecornea |