Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance
Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294/full |
| _version_ | 1797356942381809664 |
|---|---|
| author | Esraa M. Halawa Mohamed Fadel Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Ali Behairy Nehal A. Nouh Nehal A. Nouh Mohamed Abdo Mohamed Abdo Rada Olga Liana Fericean Ahmed M. Atwa Mohammad El-Nablaway Mohammad El-Nablaway Ahmed Abdeen |
| author_facet | Esraa M. Halawa Mohamed Fadel Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Ali Behairy Nehal A. Nouh Nehal A. Nouh Mohamed Abdo Mohamed Abdo Rada Olga Liana Fericean Ahmed M. Atwa Mohammad El-Nablaway Mohammad El-Nablaway Ahmed Abdeen |
| author_sort | Esraa M. Halawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed in detail in this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to treating bacterial infections. Bacteria have developed defense mechanisms against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into the specific mechanisms that bacteria have developed to resist antibiotics, with the help of diagrammatic illustrations. Antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria through various routes, resulting in previously susceptible bacteria becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute to the worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance, including human misuse of antibiotics. This review also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed to mitigate the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:37:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e0d491857fc4b95a2ed840feb265feb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:37:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e0d491857fc4b95a2ed840feb265feb2024-01-12T04:15:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-01-011410.3389/fphar.2023.13052941305294Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistanceEsraa M. Halawa0Mohamed Fadel1Mohammed W. Al-Rabia2Mohammed W. Al-Rabia3Ali Behairy4Nehal A. Nouh5Nehal A. Nouh6Mohamed Abdo7Mohamed Abdo8Rada Olga9Liana Fericean10Ahmed M. Atwa11Mohammad El-Nablaway12Mohammad El-Nablaway13Ahmed Abdeen14Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Microbial Chemistry, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratories-Diagnostic Immunology Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaInpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, EgyptDepartment of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, EgyptDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt0Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania0Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I” from Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt2Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt3Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia4Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, EgyptAntibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy of antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms of action, which are discussed in detail in this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to treating bacterial infections. Bacteria have developed defense mechanisms against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into the specific mechanisms that bacteria have developed to resist antibiotics, with the help of diagrammatic illustrations. Antibiotic resistance can spread among bacteria through various routes, resulting in previously susceptible bacteria becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute to the worsening crisis of antibiotic resistance, including human misuse of antibiotics. This review also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed to mitigate the exacerbation of antibiotic resistance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294/fullantibioticsantimicrobialbacteriaantibiotic resistancedisease spreading |
| spellingShingle | Esraa M. Halawa Mohamed Fadel Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Mohammed W. Al-Rabia Ali Behairy Nehal A. Nouh Nehal A. Nouh Mohamed Abdo Mohamed Abdo Rada Olga Liana Fericean Ahmed M. Atwa Mohammad El-Nablaway Mohammad El-Nablaway Ahmed Abdeen Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance Frontiers in Pharmacology antibiotics antimicrobial bacteria antibiotic resistance disease spreading |
| title | Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| title_full | Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| title_short | Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| title_sort | antibiotic action and resistance updated review of mechanisms spread influencing factors and alternative approaches for combating resistance |
| topic | antibiotics antimicrobial bacteria antibiotic resistance disease spreading |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1305294/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT esraamhalawa antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohamedfadel antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohammedwalrabia antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohammedwalrabia antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT alibehairy antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT nehalanouh antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT nehalanouh antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohamedabdo antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohamedabdo antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT radaolga antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT lianafericean antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT ahmedmatwa antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohammadelnablaway antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT mohammadelnablaway antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance AT ahmedabdeen antibioticactionandresistanceupdatedreviewofmechanismsspreadinfluencingfactorsandalternativeapproachesforcombatingresistance |