Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as an important regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. Notably, this endogenous system plays a key role in the modulation of pain and inflammation in a number of tissues. The components of the ECS, including endocannabinoids, their co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2016.00304/full |
| _version_ | 1811268044481101824 |
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| author | J. Thomas Toguri Meggie Caldwell Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly |
| author_facet | J. Thomas Toguri Meggie Caldwell Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly |
| author_sort | J. Thomas Toguri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as an important regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. Notably, this endogenous system plays a key role in the modulation of pain and inflammation in a number of tissues. The components of the ECS, including endocannabinoids, their cognate enzymes and cannabinoid receptors, are localized in the eye, and evidence indicates that ECS modulation plays a role in ocular disease states. Of these diseases, ocular inflammation presents a significant medical problem, given that current clinical treatments can be ineffective or are associated with intolerable side-effects. Furthermore, a prominent comorbidity of ocular inflammation is pain, including neuropathic pain, for which therapeutic options remain limited. Recent evidence supports the use of drugs targeting the ECS for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain in animal models; however, the potential for therapeutic use of cannabinoid drugs in the eye has not been thoroughly investigated at this time. This review will highlight evidence from experimental studies identifying components of the ocular ECS and discuss the functional role of the ECS during different ocular inflammatory disease states, including uveitis and corneal keratitis. Candidate ECS targeted therapies will be discussed, drawing on experimental results obtained from both ocular and non-ocular tissue(s), together with their potential application for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:14:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e0de6a91e7e4653a49ab9057f136303 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T21:14:57Z |
| publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e0de6a91e7e4653a49ab9057f1363032022-12-22T03:16:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122016-09-01710.3389/fphar.2016.00304213986Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and painJ. Thomas Toguri0Meggie Caldwell1Melanie E.M. Kelly2Melanie E.M. Kelly3Melanie E.M. Kelly4Dalhousie UniversityDalhousie UniversityDalhousie UniversityDalhousie UniversityDalhousie UniversityThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) has emerged as an important regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. Notably, this endogenous system plays a key role in the modulation of pain and inflammation in a number of tissues. The components of the ECS, including endocannabinoids, their cognate enzymes and cannabinoid receptors, are localized in the eye, and evidence indicates that ECS modulation plays a role in ocular disease states. Of these diseases, ocular inflammation presents a significant medical problem, given that current clinical treatments can be ineffective or are associated with intolerable side-effects. Furthermore, a prominent comorbidity of ocular inflammation is pain, including neuropathic pain, for which therapeutic options remain limited. Recent evidence supports the use of drugs targeting the ECS for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain in animal models; however, the potential for therapeutic use of cannabinoid drugs in the eye has not been thoroughly investigated at this time. This review will highlight evidence from experimental studies identifying components of the ocular ECS and discuss the functional role of the ECS during different ocular inflammatory disease states, including uveitis and corneal keratitis. Candidate ECS targeted therapies will be discussed, drawing on experimental results obtained from both ocular and non-ocular tissue(s), together with their potential application for the treatment of ocular inflammation and pain.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2016.00304/fullCannabinoidsEyeInflammationPainocular inflammationOcular pain |
| spellingShingle | J. Thomas Toguri Meggie Caldwell Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly Melanie E.M. Kelly Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain Frontiers in Pharmacology Cannabinoids Eye Inflammation Pain ocular inflammation Ocular pain |
| title | Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| title_full | Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| title_fullStr | Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| title_short | Turning down the thermostat: Modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| title_sort | turning down the thermostat modulating the endocannabinoid system in ocular inflammation and pain |
| topic | Cannabinoids Eye Inflammation Pain ocular inflammation Ocular pain |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fphar.2016.00304/full |
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