Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation
It is now widely appreciated that gastrointestinal function is central to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Following meal ingestion, the delivery of nutrients from the stomach into the small intestine (i.e., gastric emptying) is tightly controlled to optimise their subsequent digestion and a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/9/790 |
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| author | Cong Xie Karen L. Jones Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu |
| author_facet | Cong Xie Karen L. Jones Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu |
| author_sort | Cong Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is now widely appreciated that gastrointestinal function is central to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Following meal ingestion, the delivery of nutrients from the stomach into the small intestine (i.e., gastric emptying) is tightly controlled to optimise their subsequent digestion and absorption. The complex interaction of intraluminal nutrients (and other bioactive compounds, such as bile acids) with the small and large intestine induces the release of an array of gastrointestinal hormones from specialised enteroendocrine cells (EECs) distributed in various regions of the gut, which in turn to regulate gastric emptying, appetite and postprandial glucose metabolism. Stimulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion, therefore, represents a promising strategy for the management of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). That EECs are distributed distinctively between the proximal and distal gut suggests that the region of the gut exposed to intraluminal stimuli is of major relevance to the secretion profile of gastrointestinal hormones and associated metabolic responses. This review discusses the process of intestinal digestion and absorption and their impacts on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and the regulation of postprandial metabolism, with an emphasis on the differences between the proximal and distal gut, and implications for the management of obesity and T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:03:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e1018775eaa40d49b5ced3471c1b57f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:03:46Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e1018775eaa40d49b5ced3471c1b57f2023-11-20T10:53:17ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-08-0112979010.3390/pharmaceutics12090790Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut StimulationCong Xie0Karen L. Jones1Christopher K. Rayner2Tongzhi Wu3Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaIt is now widely appreciated that gastrointestinal function is central to the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Following meal ingestion, the delivery of nutrients from the stomach into the small intestine (i.e., gastric emptying) is tightly controlled to optimise their subsequent digestion and absorption. The complex interaction of intraluminal nutrients (and other bioactive compounds, such as bile acids) with the small and large intestine induces the release of an array of gastrointestinal hormones from specialised enteroendocrine cells (EECs) distributed in various regions of the gut, which in turn to regulate gastric emptying, appetite and postprandial glucose metabolism. Stimulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion, therefore, represents a promising strategy for the management of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). That EECs are distributed distinctively between the proximal and distal gut suggests that the region of the gut exposed to intraluminal stimuli is of major relevance to the secretion profile of gastrointestinal hormones and associated metabolic responses. This review discusses the process of intestinal digestion and absorption and their impacts on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and the regulation of postprandial metabolism, with an emphasis on the differences between the proximal and distal gut, and implications for the management of obesity and T2DM.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/9/790nutrient digestionnutrient absorptiongastrointestinal hormonepostprandial glycaemiaenergy intakeregion of the gut |
| spellingShingle | Cong Xie Karen L. Jones Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation Pharmaceutics nutrient digestion nutrient absorption gastrointestinal hormone postprandial glycaemia energy intake region of the gut |
| title | Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation |
| title_full | Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation |
| title_fullStr | Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation |
| title_short | Enteroendocrine Hormone Secretion and Metabolic Control: Importance of the Region of the Gut Stimulation |
| title_sort | enteroendocrine hormone secretion and metabolic control importance of the region of the gut stimulation |
| topic | nutrient digestion nutrient absorption gastrointestinal hormone postprandial glycaemia energy intake region of the gut |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/9/790 |
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