Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review
Latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) are useful for solar energy storage and many other applications, but there is an issue with phase change materials (PCMs) having low thermal conductivity. This can be enhanced with fins, metal foam, heat pipes, multiple PCMs, and nanoparticles (NPs)...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3821 |
| _version_ | 1797528789897445376 |
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| author | Kassianne Tofani Saeed Tiari |
| author_facet | Kassianne Tofani Saeed Tiari |
| author_sort | Kassianne Tofani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) are useful for solar energy storage and many other applications, but there is an issue with phase change materials (PCMs) having low thermal conductivity. This can be enhanced with fins, metal foam, heat pipes, multiple PCMs, and nanoparticles (NPs). This paper reviews nano-enhanced PCM (NePCM) alone and with additional enhancements. Low, middle, and high temperature PCM are classified, and the achievements and limitations of works are assessed. The review is categorized based upon enhancements: solely NPs, NPs and fins, NPs and heat pipes, NPs with highly conductive porous materials, NPs and multiple PCMs, and nano-encapsulated PCMs. Both experimental and numerical methods are considered, focusing on how well NPs enhanced the system. Generally, NPs have been proven to enhance PCM, with some types more effective than others. Middle and high temperatures are lacking compared to low temperature, as well as combined enhancement studies. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, copper, and carbon are some of the most studied NP materials, and paraffin PCM is the most common by far. Some studies found NPs to be insignificant in comparison to other enhancements, but many others found them to be beneficial. This article also suggests future work for NePCM and LHTES systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:04:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e11bec4d15c4cc6a1499c40dfb670dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:04:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e11bec4d15c4cc6a1499c40dfb670dc2023-11-22T01:41:02ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-06-011413382110.3390/en14133821Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A ReviewKassianne Tofani0Saeed Tiari1Biomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USABiomedical, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USALatent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES) are useful for solar energy storage and many other applications, but there is an issue with phase change materials (PCMs) having low thermal conductivity. This can be enhanced with fins, metal foam, heat pipes, multiple PCMs, and nanoparticles (NPs). This paper reviews nano-enhanced PCM (NePCM) alone and with additional enhancements. Low, middle, and high temperature PCM are classified, and the achievements and limitations of works are assessed. The review is categorized based upon enhancements: solely NPs, NPs and fins, NPs and heat pipes, NPs with highly conductive porous materials, NPs and multiple PCMs, and nano-encapsulated PCMs. Both experimental and numerical methods are considered, focusing on how well NPs enhanced the system. Generally, NPs have been proven to enhance PCM, with some types more effective than others. Middle and high temperatures are lacking compared to low temperature, as well as combined enhancement studies. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, copper, and carbon are some of the most studied NP materials, and paraffin PCM is the most common by far. Some studies found NPs to be insignificant in comparison to other enhancements, but many others found them to be beneficial. This article also suggests future work for NePCM and LHTES systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3821latent heat thermal energy storagephase change materialnanoparticlesnano-enhanced PCM |
| spellingShingle | Kassianne Tofani Saeed Tiari Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review Energies latent heat thermal energy storage phase change material nanoparticles nano-enhanced PCM |
| title | Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review |
| title_full | Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review |
| title_short | Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Review |
| title_sort | nano enhanced phase change materials in latent heat thermal energy storage systems a review |
| topic | latent heat thermal energy storage phase change material nanoparticles nano-enhanced PCM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3821 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kassiannetofani nanoenhancedphasechangematerialsinlatentheatthermalenergystoragesystemsareview AT saeedtiari nanoenhancedphasechangematerialsinlatentheatthermalenergystoragesystemsareview |