Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease
Abstract Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is uncommon in dogs, except in predisposed breeds such as Belgian Shepherd dogs (BSD) of the Tervuren and Groenendael varieties. When GC is diagnosed in dogs it is often late in the disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The aim of this prospective clini...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00570-6 |
| _version_ | 1819179735576477696 |
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| author | Marcus Vinicius Cândido Pernillä Syrjä Mohsen Hanifeh Jaan Lepajõe Kati Salla Susanne Kilpinen Peter-John Mäntylä Noble Thomas Spillmann |
| author_facet | Marcus Vinicius Cândido Pernillä Syrjä Mohsen Hanifeh Jaan Lepajõe Kati Salla Susanne Kilpinen Peter-John Mäntylä Noble Thomas Spillmann |
| author_sort | Marcus Vinicius Cândido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is uncommon in dogs, except in predisposed breeds such as Belgian Shepherd dogs (BSD) of the Tervuren and Groenendael varieties. When GC is diagnosed in dogs it is often late in the disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate possible associations of gastric mucosal pathologies with clinical signs, laboratory test results and GC in BSD. An online survey gathered epidemiological data to generate potential risk factors for vomiting as the predominant gastric clinical sign, and supported patient recruitment for endoscopy. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) score and signs of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were used to allocate BSD older than five years to either Group A, with signs of gastric disease, or Group B, without signs. Findings in the clinical history, laboratory tests and gastric histopathology of endoscopic biopsies were statistically analysed in search of associations. Results The online survey included 232 responses. Logistic regression analysis recognized an association of vomiting with gagging, poor appetite and change in attitude. Recruitment for endoscopy included 16 BSD in Group A (mean age 9.1 ± 1.8 years, mean CCECAI = 3.1 ± 2.2 and signs of GER); and 11 in Group B (mean age 9.8 ± 1.4 years, CCECAI = 0, no signs of GER). Seven (25.9%) of the 27 BSD (Group A 4/16, Group B 3/11) had leukopenia. Serum C-reactive protein tended to be increased with more advanced GC (P = 0.063). Frequency of GC, mucosal atrophy, mucous metaplasia, or glandular dysplasia did not differ between groups. GC was frequently diagnosed (6/27), even without clinical signs (2/11). The odds ratio for vomiting (OR = 9.9; P = 0.016) was increased only when glandular dysplasia was present. GC was associated with mucous metaplasia (P = 0.024) and glandular dysplasia (P = 0.006), but not with mucosal atrophy (P = 1). Conclusions GC can develop as an occult disease, associated with metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. Suggestive clinical signs, notably vomiting, should warrant timely endoscopy in BSD. Extensive endoscopic screening of asymptomatic dogs remains, however, unrealistic. Therefore, biomarkers of mucosal pathology preceding clinical illness are needed to support an indication for endoscopy and enable early diagnosis of GC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:03:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e19232b91cb449794b57e64585a6817 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1751-0147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T22:03:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e19232b91cb449794b57e64585a68172022-12-21T18:11:04ZengBMCActa Veterinaria Scandinavica1751-01472021-02-0163111510.1186/s13028-021-00570-6Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric diseaseMarcus Vinicius Cândido0Pernillä Syrjä1Mohsen Hanifeh2Jaan Lepajõe3Kati Salla4Susanne Kilpinen5Peter-John Mäntylä Noble6Thomas Spillmann7Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiInstitute of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LiverpoolDepartment of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of HelsinkiAbstract Background Gastric carcinoma (GC) is uncommon in dogs, except in predisposed breeds such as Belgian Shepherd dogs (BSD) of the Tervuren and Groenendael varieties. When GC is diagnosed in dogs it is often late in the disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate possible associations of gastric mucosal pathologies with clinical signs, laboratory test results and GC in BSD. An online survey gathered epidemiological data to generate potential risk factors for vomiting as the predominant gastric clinical sign, and supported patient recruitment for endoscopy. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) score and signs of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) were used to allocate BSD older than five years to either Group A, with signs of gastric disease, or Group B, without signs. Findings in the clinical history, laboratory tests and gastric histopathology of endoscopic biopsies were statistically analysed in search of associations. Results The online survey included 232 responses. Logistic regression analysis recognized an association of vomiting with gagging, poor appetite and change in attitude. Recruitment for endoscopy included 16 BSD in Group A (mean age 9.1 ± 1.8 years, mean CCECAI = 3.1 ± 2.2 and signs of GER); and 11 in Group B (mean age 9.8 ± 1.4 years, CCECAI = 0, no signs of GER). Seven (25.9%) of the 27 BSD (Group A 4/16, Group B 3/11) had leukopenia. Serum C-reactive protein tended to be increased with more advanced GC (P = 0.063). Frequency of GC, mucosal atrophy, mucous metaplasia, or glandular dysplasia did not differ between groups. GC was frequently diagnosed (6/27), even without clinical signs (2/11). The odds ratio for vomiting (OR = 9.9; P = 0.016) was increased only when glandular dysplasia was present. GC was associated with mucous metaplasia (P = 0.024) and glandular dysplasia (P = 0.006), but not with mucosal atrophy (P = 1). Conclusions GC can develop as an occult disease, associated with metaplasia and dysplasia of the gastric mucosa. Suggestive clinical signs, notably vomiting, should warrant timely endoscopy in BSD. Extensive endoscopic screening of asymptomatic dogs remains, however, unrealistic. Therefore, biomarkers of mucosal pathology preceding clinical illness are needed to support an indication for endoscopy and enable early diagnosis of GC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00570-6AtrophyBiopsyCarcinomaDysplasiaEndoscopyMetaplasia |
| spellingShingle | Marcus Vinicius Cândido Pernillä Syrjä Mohsen Hanifeh Jaan Lepajõe Kati Salla Susanne Kilpinen Peter-John Mäntylä Noble Thomas Spillmann Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Atrophy Biopsy Carcinoma Dysplasia Endoscopy Metaplasia |
| title | Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| title_full | Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| title_fullStr | Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| title_short | Gastric mucosal pathology in Belgian Shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| title_sort | gastric mucosal pathology in belgian shepherd dogs with and without clinical signs of gastric disease |
| topic | Atrophy Biopsy Carcinoma Dysplasia Endoscopy Metaplasia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00570-6 |
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