Endemic Human Coronavirus-Specific Nasal Immunoglobulin A and Serum Immunoglobulin G Dynamics in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Endemic Human Coronavirus-Specific Nasal Immunoglobulin A and Serum Immunoglobulin G Dynamics in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1 cause respiratory infection. Following infection, a virus-specific serum antibody rise is usually observed, coinciding with recovery. In some cases, an infection is not accompanied by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody rise in serum in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ferdyansyah Sechan, Katherine Loens, Herman Goossens, Margareta Ieven, Lia van der Hoek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-01-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
HCoV-HKU1
HCoV-NL63
HCoV-229E
HCoV-OC43
immunoglobulin A
spike antibodies
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1/90

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