Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review
The increasing number of MRI studies focused on prodromal Parkinson’s Disease (PD) demonstrates a strong interest in identifying early biomarkers capable of monitoring neurodegeneration. In this systematic review, we present the latest information regarding the most promising MRI markers of neurodeg...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Brain Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/10/1398 |
| _version_ | 1797574496336478208 |
|---|---|
| author | Stephan Grimaldi Maxime Guye Marta Bianciardi Alexandre Eusebio |
| author_facet | Stephan Grimaldi Maxime Guye Marta Bianciardi Alexandre Eusebio |
| author_sort | Stephan Grimaldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing number of MRI studies focused on prodromal Parkinson’s Disease (PD) demonstrates a strong interest in identifying early biomarkers capable of monitoring neurodegeneration. In this systematic review, we present the latest information regarding the most promising MRI markers of neurodegeneration in relation to the most specific prodromal symptoms of PD, namely isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). We reviewed structural, diffusion, functional, iron-sensitive, neuro-melanin-sensitive MRI, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies conducted between 2000 and 2023, which yielded a total of 77 relevant papers. Among these markers, iron and neuromelanin emerged as the most robust and promising indicators for early neurodegenerative processes in iRBD. Atrophy was observed in several regions, including the frontal and temporal cortices, limbic cortices, and basal ganglia, suggesting that neurodegenerative processes had been underway for some time. Diffusion and functional MRI produced heterogeneous yet intriguing results. Additionally, reduced glymphatic clearance function was reported. Technological advancements, such as the development of ultra-high field MRI, have enabled the exploration of minute anatomical structures and the detection of previously undetectable anomalies. The race to achieve early detection of neurodegeneration is well underway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:23:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e23a78a16e942c987bba718560ed142 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:23:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e23a78a16e942c987bba718560ed1422023-11-19T15:52:22ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-09-011310139810.3390/brainsci13101398Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic ReviewStephan Grimaldi0Maxime Guye1Marta Bianciardi2Alexandre Eusebio3Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, 265 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, FranceCentre d’Exploration Métabolique par Résonnance Magnétique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, 265 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, FranceDepartment of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129, USADepartment of Neurology and Movement Disorders, APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, 265 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, FranceThe increasing number of MRI studies focused on prodromal Parkinson’s Disease (PD) demonstrates a strong interest in identifying early biomarkers capable of monitoring neurodegeneration. In this systematic review, we present the latest information regarding the most promising MRI markers of neurodegeneration in relation to the most specific prodromal symptoms of PD, namely isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). We reviewed structural, diffusion, functional, iron-sensitive, neuro-melanin-sensitive MRI, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies conducted between 2000 and 2023, which yielded a total of 77 relevant papers. Among these markers, iron and neuromelanin emerged as the most robust and promising indicators for early neurodegenerative processes in iRBD. Atrophy was observed in several regions, including the frontal and temporal cortices, limbic cortices, and basal ganglia, suggesting that neurodegenerative processes had been underway for some time. Diffusion and functional MRI produced heterogeneous yet intriguing results. Additionally, reduced glymphatic clearance function was reported. Technological advancements, such as the development of ultra-high field MRI, have enabled the exploration of minute anatomical structures and the detection of previously undetectable anomalies. The race to achieve early detection of neurodegeneration is well underway.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/10/1398biomarkersconnectivityfunctional brain imagingironneurodegenerative disordersneuroimaging |
| spellingShingle | Stephan Grimaldi Maxime Guye Marta Bianciardi Alexandre Eusebio Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review Brain Sciences biomarkers connectivity functional brain imaging iron neurodegenerative disorders neuroimaging |
| title | Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Brain MRI Biomarkers in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Where Are We? A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | brain mri biomarkers in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder where are we a systematic review |
| topic | biomarkers connectivity functional brain imaging iron neurodegenerative disorders neuroimaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/10/1398 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stephangrimaldi brainmribiomarkersinisolatedrapideyemovementsleepbehaviordisorderwhereareweasystematicreview AT maximeguye brainmribiomarkersinisolatedrapideyemovementsleepbehaviordisorderwhereareweasystematicreview AT martabianciardi brainmribiomarkersinisolatedrapideyemovementsleepbehaviordisorderwhereareweasystematicreview AT alexandreeusebio brainmribiomarkersinisolatedrapideyemovementsleepbehaviordisorderwhereareweasystematicreview |