Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study
Decreased arterial perfusion is a typical condition of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), with the microvascular picture particularly present among women. This observational study aimed to detect foot perfusion changes by infrared thermography (IRT) after a home-based exercise program in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/9/1312 |
| _version_ | 1797579288541659136 |
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| author | Anna Crepaldi Lorenzo Caruso Giovanni Piva Luca Traina Vincenzo Gasbarro Roberto Manfredini Nicola Lamberti Natascia Rinaldo Fabio Manfredini Pablo Jesus Lopez-Soto |
| author_facet | Anna Crepaldi Lorenzo Caruso Giovanni Piva Luca Traina Vincenzo Gasbarro Roberto Manfredini Nicola Lamberti Natascia Rinaldo Fabio Manfredini Pablo Jesus Lopez-Soto |
| author_sort | Anna Crepaldi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Decreased arterial perfusion is a typical condition of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), with the microvascular picture particularly present among women. This observational study aimed to detect foot perfusion changes by infrared thermography (IRT) after a home-based exercise program in both sexes. A total of 76 PAD patients with claudication (72 ± 4 years; 52 males) were enrolled in a structured in-home exercise program composed of two daily 8 min interval walking sessions (1:1 walk:rest ratio) with progressively increasing speed. Outcome measures collected at baseline (T0) and at each hospital visit after 5 weeks, 12 weeks and 20 weeks included foot temperature measured by IRT (anterior tibial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery regions), ankle brachial index and the 6 min walking test. After 20 weeks, foot temperature in both limbs showed a significant increasing trend, with a mean variation of 1.3 °C for the more impaired limb and 0.9 °C for the contralateral limb (t = 8.88, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and t = 5.36; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), with significant changes occurring after 5 weeks of training. The sex-oriented analysis did not highlight any significant difference, with an improvement of mean foot temperature of 1.5 ± 0.6 °C in females versus 1.2 ± 0.5 °C in males (<i>p</i> = 0.42). Ankle brachial index and performance also significantly improved over time (<i>p</i> < 0.001) without gender differences. In patients with PAD, a structured low-intensity exercise program significantly improved foot temperature and exercise capacity without any sex-related difference. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:33:57Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:33:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e267c6e419f4140bb2065231862a7c62023-11-19T11:30:29ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262023-08-01139131210.3390/jpm13091312Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational StudyAnna Crepaldi0Lorenzo Caruso1Giovanni Piva2Luca Traina3Vincenzo Gasbarro4Roberto Manfredini5Nicola Lamberti6Natascia Rinaldo7Fabio Manfredini8Pablo Jesus Lopez-Soto9Department of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, SpainDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Humanities, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyUnit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, ItalyUnit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyDepartment of Nursing, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, 14004 Cordoba, SpainDecreased arterial perfusion is a typical condition of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), with the microvascular picture particularly present among women. This observational study aimed to detect foot perfusion changes by infrared thermography (IRT) after a home-based exercise program in both sexes. A total of 76 PAD patients with claudication (72 ± 4 years; 52 males) were enrolled in a structured in-home exercise program composed of two daily 8 min interval walking sessions (1:1 walk:rest ratio) with progressively increasing speed. Outcome measures collected at baseline (T0) and at each hospital visit after 5 weeks, 12 weeks and 20 weeks included foot temperature measured by IRT (anterior tibial, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery regions), ankle brachial index and the 6 min walking test. After 20 weeks, foot temperature in both limbs showed a significant increasing trend, with a mean variation of 1.3 °C for the more impaired limb and 0.9 °C for the contralateral limb (t = 8.88, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and t = 5.36; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), with significant changes occurring after 5 weeks of training. The sex-oriented analysis did not highlight any significant difference, with an improvement of mean foot temperature of 1.5 ± 0.6 °C in females versus 1.2 ± 0.5 °C in males (<i>p</i> = 0.42). Ankle brachial index and performance also significantly improved over time (<i>p</i> < 0.001) without gender differences. In patients with PAD, a structured low-intensity exercise program significantly improved foot temperature and exercise capacity without any sex-related difference.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/9/1312peripheral artery diseaseinfrared thermographynoninvasiveexercisegender differencesclaudication |
| spellingShingle | Anna Crepaldi Lorenzo Caruso Giovanni Piva Luca Traina Vincenzo Gasbarro Roberto Manfredini Nicola Lamberti Natascia Rinaldo Fabio Manfredini Pablo Jesus Lopez-Soto Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study Journal of Personalized Medicine peripheral artery disease infrared thermography noninvasive exercise gender differences claudication |
| title | Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study |
| title_full | Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study |
| title_fullStr | Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study |
| title_short | Foot Temperature by Infrared Thermography in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease before and after Structured Home-Based Exercise: A Gender-Based Observational Study |
| title_sort | foot temperature by infrared thermography in patients with peripheral artery disease before and after structured home based exercise a gender based observational study |
| topic | peripheral artery disease infrared thermography noninvasive exercise gender differences claudication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/13/9/1312 |
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