Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer
In spite of the fact that the interactions between environmental parameters and prokaryotic and viral abundance have been explored in various aquatic environments, only a few independent estimates of viral production and decay in the estuarine region have been explored. In this study, data were anal...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/4/237 |
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| author | An-Yi Tsai Gwo-Ching Gong Vladimir Mukhanov Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen |
| author_facet | An-Yi Tsai Gwo-Ching Gong Vladimir Mukhanov Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen |
| author_sort | An-Yi Tsai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In spite of the fact that the interactions between environmental parameters and prokaryotic and viral abundance have been explored in various aquatic environments, only a few independent estimates of viral production and decay in the estuarine region have been explored. In this study, data were analyzed for viral and prokaryotic abundance, viral production, and viral decay in a subtropical Danshui estuary in summer 2021. Prokaryotic abundance varied from 2.4 ± 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 12 ± 2.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, and viral abundance ranged from 2.3 ± 0.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 6.9 ± 1.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> viruses mL<sup>−1</sup> during the study period. Viral abundance was significantly correlated with prokaryotic abundance and chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration. Furthermore, studies of changes in viral to prokaryotic abundance ratio (VPR) ranged from 0.42 ± 0.11 to 2.0 ± 0.25. Viral decay values were 2.1 ± 0.5 and 2.1 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> virus mL<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>, and non-significant differences were observed between the inner estuary and coastal water region. Viral decay almost balanced gross viral production in this study. The dilution experiments revealed non-significant net viral production in July; thus, a lower VPR might be explained in this estuarine environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:56:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e273188e5534c6aba6961512c272fd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:56:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e273188e5534c6aba6961512c272fd22023-12-01T01:35:55ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182022-03-0114423710.3390/d14040237Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in SummerAn-Yi Tsai0Gwo-Ching Gong1Vladimir Mukhanov2Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen3Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, TaiwanInstitute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, TaiwanA.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, 299011 Sevastopol, RussiaInstitute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202-24, TaiwanIn spite of the fact that the interactions between environmental parameters and prokaryotic and viral abundance have been explored in various aquatic environments, only a few independent estimates of viral production and decay in the estuarine region have been explored. In this study, data were analyzed for viral and prokaryotic abundance, viral production, and viral decay in a subtropical Danshui estuary in summer 2021. Prokaryotic abundance varied from 2.4 ± 0.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 12 ± 2.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> cells mL<sup>−1</sup>, and viral abundance ranged from 2.3 ± 0.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 6.9 ± 1.3 × 10<sup>5</sup> viruses mL<sup>−1</sup> during the study period. Viral abundance was significantly correlated with prokaryotic abundance and chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration. Furthermore, studies of changes in viral to prokaryotic abundance ratio (VPR) ranged from 0.42 ± 0.11 to 2.0 ± 0.25. Viral decay values were 2.1 ± 0.5 and 2.1 ± 0.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> virus mL<sup>−1</sup>h<sup>−1</sup>, and non-significant differences were observed between the inner estuary and coastal water region. Viral decay almost balanced gross viral production in this study. The dilution experiments revealed non-significant net viral production in July; thus, a lower VPR might be explained in this estuarine environment.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/4/237viral abundanceviral productionviral decayDanshui estuarynanoflagellate grazing |
| spellingShingle | An-Yi Tsai Gwo-Ching Gong Vladimir Mukhanov Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer Diversity viral abundance viral production viral decay Danshui estuary nanoflagellate grazing |
| title | Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer |
| title_full | Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer |
| title_fullStr | Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer |
| title_short | Insights into Virus–Prokaryote Relationships in a Subtropical Danshui River Estuary of Northern Taiwan in Summer |
| title_sort | insights into virus prokaryote relationships in a subtropical danshui river estuary of northern taiwan in summer |
| topic | viral abundance viral production viral decay Danshui estuary nanoflagellate grazing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/4/237 |
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