Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic
Mould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothe...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3227 |
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| author | Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill |
| author_facet | Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill |
| author_sort | Thi Thuy Ngo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothesis that H57 influences the odour profile of stored feedlot pellets by impeding the production of mVOCs. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of un-inoculated pellets and those inoculated with H57, stored either at ambient temperature (mean 22 °C) or at 5 °C, was monitored at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty VOCs were identified in all the pellet samples analysed, 24 of which were potentially of microbial and 16 of non-microbial origin. A score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the VOC profiles of the pellets stored at ambient temperature changed more rapidly over the 3 months than those stored at 5 °C, and that change was greater in the un-inoculated pellets when compared to the inoculated ones. The bi-plot and correlation loading plots of the PCA indicated that the separation of the un-inoculated pellets from the other treatments over the 3 months was primarily due to nine mVOCs. These mVOCs have been previously identified in grains spoiled by fungi, and could be considered potential markers of the types of fungi that H57 can protect pellets against. These data indicate the ability of H57 to maintain the odour profile and freshness of concentrated feed pellets. This protective influence can be detected as early as 3 months into ambient temperature storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:45:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e283a2308264237b3714a3dbd11ad172023-11-22T22:07:21ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-11-011111322710.3390/ani11113227Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 ProbioticThi Thuy Ngo0Peter Dart1Matthew Callaghan2Athol Klieve3David McNeill4School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaRidley AgriProducts Pty Ltd., Toowong, QLD 4066, AustraliaQueensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4069, AustraliaSchool of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaMould and bacterial contamination releases microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs), causing changes in the odour profile of a feed. <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain H57 (H57) has the potential ability to inhibit microbial growth in animal feeds. This study tested the hypothesis that H57 influences the odour profile of stored feedlot pellets by impeding the production of mVOCs. The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of un-inoculated pellets and those inoculated with H57, stored either at ambient temperature (mean 22 °C) or at 5 °C, was monitored at 0, 1, 2, and 3 months by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Forty VOCs were identified in all the pellet samples analysed, 24 of which were potentially of microbial and 16 of non-microbial origin. A score plot of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the VOC profiles of the pellets stored at ambient temperature changed more rapidly over the 3 months than those stored at 5 °C, and that change was greater in the un-inoculated pellets when compared to the inoculated ones. The bi-plot and correlation loading plots of the PCA indicated that the separation of the un-inoculated pellets from the other treatments over the 3 months was primarily due to nine mVOCs. These mVOCs have been previously identified in grains spoiled by fungi, and could be considered potential markers of the types of fungi that H57 can protect pellets against. These data indicate the ability of H57 to maintain the odour profile and freshness of concentrated feed pellets. This protective influence can be detected as early as 3 months into ambient temperature storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3227probiotic<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57volatile organic compoundsmicrobial volatile organic compoundsmicrobial developmentfeedlot pellets |
| spellingShingle | Thi Thuy Ngo Peter Dart Matthew Callaghan Athol Klieve David McNeill Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic Animals probiotic <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 volatile organic compounds microbial volatile organic compounds microbial development feedlot pellets |
| title | Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic |
| title_full | Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic |
| title_fullStr | Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic |
| title_short | Volatile Organic Compound Profiles Associated with Microbial Development in Feedlot Pellets Inoculated with <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 Probiotic |
| title_sort | volatile organic compound profiles associated with microbial development in feedlot pellets inoculated with i bacillus amyloliquefaciens i h57 probiotic |
| topic | probiotic <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> H57 volatile organic compounds microbial volatile organic compounds microbial development feedlot pellets |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3227 |
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