A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China
Background Pyrus ussuriensis (Maxim.) is a unique pear tree that grows in northern China. The tree has strong cold resistance and can withstand low temperatures from −30 °C to −35 °C. Due to its unique growth environment, its fruit is rich in minerals and has much higher levels of minerals such as K...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-05-01
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| author | Chang Liu Honglian Li Aihua Ren Guoyou Chen Wanjun Ye Yuxia Wu Ping Ma Wenquan Yu Tianming He |
| author_facet | Chang Liu Honglian Li Aihua Ren Guoyou Chen Wanjun Ye Yuxia Wu Ping Ma Wenquan Yu Tianming He |
| author_sort | Chang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Pyrus ussuriensis (Maxim.) is a unique pear tree that grows in northern China. The tree has strong cold resistance and can withstand low temperatures from −30 °C to −35 °C. Due to its unique growth environment, its fruit is rich in minerals and has much higher levels of minerals such as K, Ca and Mg than the fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia (Nakai.) and Pyrus bretschneideri (Rehd.) on the market, and many say the ripe fruit tastes better than other varieties. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of mineral elements in the fruits of different varieties of P. ussuriensis will provide a valuable scientific basis for the selection, breeding and production of consumer varieties of P. ussuriensis, and provide a more complete understanding of nutritional differences between fruit varieties. Methods In this study, 70 varieties of wild, domesticated and cultivated species of P. ussuriensis from different geographical locations were compared. Targeting four main mineral elements and eight trace mineral elements contained in the fruit, the differences in mineral content in the peel and pulp of different varieties of P. ussuriensis were analyzed, compared and classified using modern microwave digestion ICP-MS. Results The mineral elements in the fruit of P. ussuriensis generally followed the following content pattern: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na > Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The mineral element compositions in the peel and pulp of different fruits were also significantly different. The four main mineral elements in the peel were K > Ca > P > Mg, and K > P > Mg > Ca in the pulp. The mineral element content of wild fruit varieties was higher than that of cultivated and domesticated varieties. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between K, P and Cu in both the peel and pulp of P. ussuriensis fruit (P < 0. 01). Cluster analysis results showed that the 70 varieties of P. ussuriensis could be divided into three slightly different categories according to the content of the peel or pulp. According to the contents of the fruit peel, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Na, Mg, P, K, Fe and Zn content, (2) varieties with high Ca content and (3) varieties with medium levels of mineral elements. According to the fruit pulp content, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Mg, P and K content, (2) varieties with low mineral element content, and (3) varieties with high Na and Ca content. The comprehensive analysis of relevant mineral element content factors showed that ‘SSHMSL,’ ‘QYL,’ ‘SWSL’ and ‘ZLTSL-3’ were the best varieties, and could be used as the focus varieties of future breeding programs for large-scale pear production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:55:27Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3e2a0497dfad465287f4c7b1fe26c5b02023-12-03T01:07:41ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-05-0111e1532810.7717/peerj.15328A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in ChinaChang Liu0Honglian Li1Aihua Ren2Guoyou Chen3Wanjun Ye4Yuxia Wu5Ping Ma6Wenquan Yu7Tianming He8College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, ChinaInstitute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, ChinaHorticulture Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaQuality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Inspection and Testing Center for Quality of Cereals and Their Products (Harbin), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, ChinaHeilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, ChinaMudanjiang Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding and Cultivation in Cold Areas, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, ChinaBackground Pyrus ussuriensis (Maxim.) is a unique pear tree that grows in northern China. The tree has strong cold resistance and can withstand low temperatures from −30 °C to −35 °C. Due to its unique growth environment, its fruit is rich in minerals and has much higher levels of minerals such as K, Ca and Mg than the fruit of Pyrus pyrifolia (Nakai.) and Pyrus bretschneideri (Rehd.) on the market, and many say the ripe fruit tastes better than other varieties. A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of mineral elements in the fruits of different varieties of P. ussuriensis will provide a valuable scientific basis for the selection, breeding and production of consumer varieties of P. ussuriensis, and provide a more complete understanding of nutritional differences between fruit varieties. Methods In this study, 70 varieties of wild, domesticated and cultivated species of P. ussuriensis from different geographical locations were compared. Targeting four main mineral elements and eight trace mineral elements contained in the fruit, the differences in mineral content in the peel and pulp of different varieties of P. ussuriensis were analyzed, compared and classified using modern microwave digestion ICP-MS. Results The mineral elements in the fruit of P. ussuriensis generally followed the following content pattern: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na > Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The mineral element compositions in the peel and pulp of different fruits were also significantly different. The four main mineral elements in the peel were K > Ca > P > Mg, and K > P > Mg > Ca in the pulp. The mineral element content of wild fruit varieties was higher than that of cultivated and domesticated varieties. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between K, P and Cu in both the peel and pulp of P. ussuriensis fruit (P < 0. 01). Cluster analysis results showed that the 70 varieties of P. ussuriensis could be divided into three slightly different categories according to the content of the peel or pulp. According to the contents of the fruit peel, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Na, Mg, P, K, Fe and Zn content, (2) varieties with high Ca content and (3) varieties with medium levels of mineral elements. According to the fruit pulp content, these varieties were divided into: (1) varieties with high Mg, P and K content, (2) varieties with low mineral element content, and (3) varieties with high Na and Ca content. The comprehensive analysis of relevant mineral element content factors showed that ‘SSHMSL,’ ‘QYL,’ ‘SWSL’ and ‘ZLTSL-3’ were the best varieties, and could be used as the focus varieties of future breeding programs for large-scale pear production.https://peerj.com/articles/15328.pdfCorrelation analysisMineral elementPeelPulpPyrus ussuriensis Maxim. |
| spellingShingle | Chang Liu Honglian Li Aihua Ren Guoyou Chen Wanjun Ye Yuxia Wu Ping Ma Wenquan Yu Tianming He A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China PeerJ Correlation analysis Mineral element Peel Pulp Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. |
| title | A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China |
| title_full | A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China |
| title_fullStr | A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China |
| title_short | A comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit (Pyrus ussuriensis) in China |
| title_sort | comparison of the mineral element content of 70 different varieties of pear fruit pyrus ussuriensis in china |
| topic | Correlation analysis Mineral element Peel Pulp Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15328.pdf |
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