The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants
Pseudomonas syringae strains deliver diverse type III effector proteins into host cells, where they can act as virulence factors. Although the functions of the majority of type III effectors are unknown, several have been shown to interfere with plant basal defense mechanisms. Type III effectors als...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2008-03-01
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| Series: | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-21-3-0361 |
| _version_ | 1819081467286781952 |
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| author | Ajay K. Goel Derek Lundberg Miguel A. Torres Ryan Matthews Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama Lisa Farmer Jeffery L. Dangl Sarah R. Grant |
| author_facet | Ajay K. Goel Derek Lundberg Miguel A. Torres Ryan Matthews Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama Lisa Farmer Jeffery L. Dangl Sarah R. Grant |
| author_sort | Ajay K. Goel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pseudomonas syringae strains deliver diverse type III effector proteins into host cells, where they can act as virulence factors. Although the functions of the majority of type III effectors are unknown, several have been shown to interfere with plant basal defense mechanisms. Type III effectors also could contribute to bacterial virulence by enhancing nutrient uptake and pathogen adaptation to the environment of the host plant. We demonstrate that the type III effector HopAM1 (formerly known as AvrPpiB) enhances the virulence of a weak pathogen in plants that are grown under drought stress. This is the first report of a type III effector that aids pathogen adaptation to water availability in the host plant. Expression of HopAM1 makes transgenic Ws-0 Arabidopsis hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) for stomatal closure and germination arrest. Conditional expression of HopAM1 in Arabidopsis also suppresses basal defenses. ABA responses overlap with defense responses and ABA has been shown to suppress defense against P. syringae pathogens. We propose that HopAM1 aids P. syringae virulence by manipulation of ABA responses that suppress defense responses. In addition, host ABA responses enhanced by type III delivery of HopAM1 protect developing bacterial colonies inside leaves from osmotic stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:01:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e2d8adc01ff42d6abac1e1d5e0c5ef1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0894-0282 1943-7706 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:01:14Z |
| publishDate | 2008-03-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e2d8adc01ff42d6abac1e1d5e0c5ef12022-12-21T18:51:58ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions0894-02821943-77062008-03-0121336137010.1094/MPMI-21-3-0361The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed PlantsAjay K. GoelDerek LundbergMiguel A. TorresRyan MatthewsChiharu Akimoto-TomiyamaLisa FarmerJeffery L. DanglSarah R. GrantPseudomonas syringae strains deliver diverse type III effector proteins into host cells, where they can act as virulence factors. Although the functions of the majority of type III effectors are unknown, several have been shown to interfere with plant basal defense mechanisms. Type III effectors also could contribute to bacterial virulence by enhancing nutrient uptake and pathogen adaptation to the environment of the host plant. We demonstrate that the type III effector HopAM1 (formerly known as AvrPpiB) enhances the virulence of a weak pathogen in plants that are grown under drought stress. This is the first report of a type III effector that aids pathogen adaptation to water availability in the host plant. Expression of HopAM1 makes transgenic Ws-0 Arabidopsis hypersensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) for stomatal closure and germination arrest. Conditional expression of HopAM1 in Arabidopsis also suppresses basal defenses. ABA responses overlap with defense responses and ABA has been shown to suppress defense against P. syringae pathogens. We propose that HopAM1 aids P. syringae virulence by manipulation of ABA responses that suppress defense responses. In addition, host ABA responses enhanced by type III delivery of HopAM1 protect developing bacterial colonies inside leaves from osmotic stress.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-21-3-0361 |
| spellingShingle | Ajay K. Goel Derek Lundberg Miguel A. Torres Ryan Matthews Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama Lisa Farmer Jeffery L. Dangl Sarah R. Grant The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions |
| title | The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants |
| title_full | The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants |
| title_fullStr | The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants |
| title_short | The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector HopAM1 Enhances Virulence on Water-Stressed Plants |
| title_sort | pseudomonas syringae type iii effector hopam1 enhances virulence on water stressed plants |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/MPMI-21-3-0361 |
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