Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i>
<i>Oroxylum indicum</i> is a medicinal plant in Thailand, which has been used as a tonic and for the treatment of various diseases. Extracts from various parts of <i>O. indicum</i> were reported as promoting in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical analys...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/10/1937 |
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| author | Patchima Sithisarn Piyanuch Rojsanga Pongtip Sithisarn |
| author_facet | Patchima Sithisarn Piyanuch Rojsanga Pongtip Sithisarn |
| author_sort | Patchima Sithisarn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> is a medicinal plant in Thailand, which has been used as a tonic and for the treatment of various diseases. Extracts from various parts of <i>O. indicum</i> were reported as promoting in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical analysis suggested that this plant contained some flavones. <i>O</i>. <i>indicum</i> fruit and seed water and ethanol extracts and their major flavonoids including baicalein, baicalin, and chrysin were tested for in vitro antibacterial activities on four clinical isolated bacteria, namely, <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i>, <i>Streptococcus suis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>β-Escherichia coli</i>, using a broth micro-dilution assay. The amounts of these three major flavonoids were also quantitatively analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. <i>O. indicum</i> fruit ethanol extract from Nakhon Pathom province (OFNE) promoted the strongest antimicrobial activity against four clinical pathogenic bacteria, including <i>S. intermedius</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.30 mg/mL), <i>S. suis</i> (13.59% inhibition at 7.81 mg/mL), <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 39.20 mg/mL), and <i>β-E. coli</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 66.85 mg/mL). Baicalin showed high in vitro antibacterial effect to all tested bacteria. From the optimized and validated HPLC method, baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin contents in <i>O. indicum</i> extracts were 0.19 ± 0.00 − 9.45 ± 0.13, 0.14 ± 0.00 − 1.27 ± 0.02, and 0.02 ± 0.00 − 0.96 ± 0.02 g/100 g extract, respectively. Baicalin was found to be the major compound in <i>O. indicum</i> seed extract followed by baicalein, whereas chrysin was found in lower amounts than the amounts of the other two flavonoids in all <i>O. indicum</i> extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:11:06Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:11:06Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3e3141c6d63942ca8ae9408507f6374b2022-12-21T23:54:12ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-05-012410193710.3390/molecules24101937molecules24101937Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i>Patchima Sithisarn0Piyanuch Rojsanga1Pongtip Sithisarn2Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand<i>Oroxylum indicum</i> is a medicinal plant in Thailand, which has been used as a tonic and for the treatment of various diseases. Extracts from various parts of <i>O. indicum</i> were reported as promoting in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical analysis suggested that this plant contained some flavones. <i>O</i>. <i>indicum</i> fruit and seed water and ethanol extracts and their major flavonoids including baicalein, baicalin, and chrysin were tested for in vitro antibacterial activities on four clinical isolated bacteria, namely, <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i>, <i>Streptococcus suis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>β-Escherichia coli</i>, using a broth micro-dilution assay. The amounts of these three major flavonoids were also quantitatively analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. <i>O. indicum</i> fruit ethanol extract from Nakhon Pathom province (OFNE) promoted the strongest antimicrobial activity against four clinical pathogenic bacteria, including <i>S. intermedius</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.30 mg/mL), <i>S. suis</i> (13.59% inhibition at 7.81 mg/mL), <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 39.20 mg/mL), and <i>β-E. coli</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 66.85 mg/mL). Baicalin showed high in vitro antibacterial effect to all tested bacteria. From the optimized and validated HPLC method, baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin contents in <i>O. indicum</i> extracts were 0.19 ± 0.00 − 9.45 ± 0.13, 0.14 ± 0.00 − 1.27 ± 0.02, and 0.02 ± 0.00 − 0.96 ± 0.02 g/100 g extract, respectively. Baicalin was found to be the major compound in <i>O. indicum</i> seed extract followed by baicalein, whereas chrysin was found in lower amounts than the amounts of the other two flavonoids in all <i>O. indicum</i> extracts.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/10/1937<i>Oroxylum indicum</i>baicalinbaicaleinchrysin<i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i><i>Streptococcus suis</i>broth micro-dilution assayHPLC |
| spellingShingle | Patchima Sithisarn Piyanuch Rojsanga Pongtip Sithisarn Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Molecules <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> baicalin baicalein chrysin <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> <i>Streptococcus suis</i> broth micro-dilution assay HPLC |
| title | Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> |
| title_full | Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> |
| title_short | Inhibitory Effects on Clinical Isolated Bacteria and Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Flavone Contents in Extracts from <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects on clinical isolated bacteria and simultaneous hplc quantitative analysis of flavone contents in extracts from i oroxylum indicum i |
| topic | <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> baicalin baicalein chrysin <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> <i>Streptococcus suis</i> broth micro-dilution assay HPLC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/10/1937 |
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