Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus
Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) have been reported to play a crucial role in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating growth and development. However, the biological function of the <i>ACP</i> gene family in the <i>Brassica</i> genus has been limited until now. In t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/950 |
| _version_ | 1797212073685417984 |
|---|---|
| author | Fang Qian Dan Zuo Tuo Zeng Lei Gu Hongcheng Wang Xuye Du Bin Zhu Jing Ou |
| author_facet | Fang Qian Dan Zuo Tuo Zeng Lei Gu Hongcheng Wang Xuye Du Bin Zhu Jing Ou |
| author_sort | Fang Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) have been reported to play a crucial role in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating growth and development. However, the biological function of the <i>ACP</i> gene family in the <i>Brassica</i> genus has been limited until now. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis and identified a total of 120 <i>ACP</i> genes across six species in the <i>Brassica</i> genus. Among these, there were 27, 26, and 30 <i>ACP</i> genes in the allotetraploid <i>B. napus</i>, <i>B. juncea</i>, and <i>B. carinata</i>, respectively, and 14, 13, and 10 <i>ACP</i> genes in the diploid <i>B. rapa</i>, <i>B. oleracea</i>, and <i>B. nigra</i>, respectively. These <i>ACP</i> genes were further classified into six subclades, each containing conserved motifs and domains. Interestingly, the majority of <i>ACP</i> genes exhibited high conservation among the six species, suggesting that the genome evolution and polyploidization processes had relatively minor effects on the <i>ACP</i> gene family. The duplication modes of the six <i>Brassica</i> species were diverse, and the expansion of most <i>ACPs</i> in <i>Brassica</i> occurred primarily through dispersed duplication (DSD) events. Furthermore, most of the <i>ACP</i> genes were under purifying selection during the process of evolution. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that <i>ACP</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> species are localized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. <i>Cis</i>-acting element analysis revealed that most of the <i>ACP</i> genes were associated with various abiotic stresses. Additionally, RNA-seq data revealed differential expression levels of <i>BnaACP</i> genes across various tissues in <i>B. napus</i>, with particularly high expression in seeds and buds. qRT-PCR analysis further indicated that <i>BnaACP</i> genes play a significant role in salt stress tolerance. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of <i>ACP</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> plants and will facilitate further functional analysis of these genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e3241463e74420096056522a743a0ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:36:35Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e3241463e74420096056522a743a0ac2024-04-12T13:24:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113795010.3390/plants13070950Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> GenusFang Qian0Dan Zuo1Tuo Zeng2Lei Gu3Hongcheng Wang4Xuye Du5Bin Zhu6Jing Ou7School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaAcyl carrier proteins (ACPs) have been reported to play a crucial role in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating growth and development. However, the biological function of the <i>ACP</i> gene family in the <i>Brassica</i> genus has been limited until now. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis and identified a total of 120 <i>ACP</i> genes across six species in the <i>Brassica</i> genus. Among these, there were 27, 26, and 30 <i>ACP</i> genes in the allotetraploid <i>B. napus</i>, <i>B. juncea</i>, and <i>B. carinata</i>, respectively, and 14, 13, and 10 <i>ACP</i> genes in the diploid <i>B. rapa</i>, <i>B. oleracea</i>, and <i>B. nigra</i>, respectively. These <i>ACP</i> genes were further classified into six subclades, each containing conserved motifs and domains. Interestingly, the majority of <i>ACP</i> genes exhibited high conservation among the six species, suggesting that the genome evolution and polyploidization processes had relatively minor effects on the <i>ACP</i> gene family. The duplication modes of the six <i>Brassica</i> species were diverse, and the expansion of most <i>ACPs</i> in <i>Brassica</i> occurred primarily through dispersed duplication (DSD) events. Furthermore, most of the <i>ACP</i> genes were under purifying selection during the process of evolution. Subcellular localization experiments demonstrated that <i>ACP</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> species are localized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. <i>Cis</i>-acting element analysis revealed that most of the <i>ACP</i> genes were associated with various abiotic stresses. Additionally, RNA-seq data revealed differential expression levels of <i>BnaACP</i> genes across various tissues in <i>B. napus</i>, with particularly high expression in seeds and buds. qRT-PCR analysis further indicated that <i>BnaACP</i> genes play a significant role in salt stress tolerance. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of <i>ACP</i> genes in <i>Brassica</i> plants and will facilitate further functional analysis of these genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/950acyl carrier proteins<i>Brassica</i>gene family<i>Brassica napus</i>gene expression |
| spellingShingle | Fang Qian Dan Zuo Tuo Zeng Lei Gu Hongcheng Wang Xuye Du Bin Zhu Jing Ou Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus Plants acyl carrier proteins <i>Brassica</i> gene family <i>Brassica napus</i> gene expression |
| title | Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus |
| title_full | Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus |
| title_fullStr | Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus |
| title_short | Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the <i>ACP</i> Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in <i>Brassica</i> Genus |
| title_sort | identification evolutionary dynamics and gene expression patterns of the i acp i gene family in responding to salt stress in i brassica i genus |
| topic | acyl carrier proteins <i>Brassica</i> gene family <i>Brassica napus</i> gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/950 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fangqian identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT danzuo identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT tuozeng identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT leigu identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT hongchengwang identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT xuyedu identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT binzhu identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus AT jingou identificationevolutionarydynamicsandgeneexpressionpatternsoftheiacpigenefamilyinrespondingtosaltstressinibrassicaigenus |