Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport

Lithium-ion batteries are shipped worldwide with many limitations implemented to ensure safety and to prevent loss of cargo. Many of the transportation guidelines focus on new batteries; however, the shipment requirements for used or degraded batteries are less clear. Current international regulatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicholas Williard, Christopher Hendricks, Bhanu Sood, Jae Sik Chung, Michael Pecht
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-05-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/5/340
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author Nicholas Williard
Christopher Hendricks
Bhanu Sood
Jae Sik Chung
Michael Pecht
author_facet Nicholas Williard
Christopher Hendricks
Bhanu Sood
Jae Sik Chung
Michael Pecht
author_sort Nicholas Williard
collection DOAJ
description Lithium-ion batteries are shipped worldwide with many limitations implemented to ensure safety and to prevent loss of cargo. Many of the transportation guidelines focus on new batteries; however, the shipment requirements for used or degraded batteries are less clear. Current international regulations regarding the air transport of lithium-ion batteries are critically reviewed. The pre-shipping tests are outlined and evaluated to assess their ability to fully mitigate risks during battery transport. In particular, the guidelines for shipping second-use batteries are considered. Because the electrochemical state of previously used batteries is inherently different from that of new batteries, additional considerations must be made to evaluate these types of cells. Additional tests are suggested that evaluate the risks of second-use batteries, which may or may not contain incipient faults.
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spelling doaj.art-3e366a2913434369a5902c1facae44832022-12-22T04:00:48ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732016-05-019534010.3390/en9050340en9050340Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air TransportNicholas Williard0Christopher Hendricks1Bhanu Sood2Jae Sik Chung3Michael Pecht4Schlumberger, Houston, TX 77004, USACenter for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USACenter for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAPCTEST Engineering Laboratory, Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USACenter for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USALithium-ion batteries are shipped worldwide with many limitations implemented to ensure safety and to prevent loss of cargo. Many of the transportation guidelines focus on new batteries; however, the shipment requirements for used or degraded batteries are less clear. Current international regulations regarding the air transport of lithium-ion batteries are critically reviewed. The pre-shipping tests are outlined and evaluated to assess their ability to fully mitigate risks during battery transport. In particular, the guidelines for shipping second-use batteries are considered. Because the electrochemical state of previously used batteries is inherently different from that of new batteries, additional considerations must be made to evaluate these types of cells. Additional tests are suggested that evaluate the risks of second-use batteries, which may or may not contain incipient faults.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/5/340batteriesstandardstransportationpublic safetyaviation
spellingShingle Nicholas Williard
Christopher Hendricks
Bhanu Sood
Jae Sik Chung
Michael Pecht
Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
Energies
batteries
standards
transportation
public safety
aviation
title Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
title_full Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
title_fullStr Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
title_short Evaluation of Batteries for Safe Air Transport
title_sort evaluation of batteries for safe air transport
topic batteries
standards
transportation
public safety
aviation
url http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/9/5/340
work_keys_str_mv AT nicholaswilliard evaluationofbatteriesforsafeairtransport
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AT michaelpecht evaluationofbatteriesforsafeairtransport