Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells
Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429/full |
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| author | Rekha Jalandra Rekha Jalandra Govind K. Makharia Minakshi Sharma Anil Kumar |
| author_facet | Rekha Jalandra Rekha Jalandra Govind K. Makharia Minakshi Sharma Anil Kumar |
| author_sort | Rekha Jalandra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effects in vitro as well as in vivo. TMA-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage, and compromised cell membrane integrity leading to the release of LDH outside the cells which ultimately leads to cell death. Besides, TMA also exhibited pronounced increase in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. TMA was found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic as the TMA concentration increased from 0.15 mM. A decreased ATP intracellular content was observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment in a time and dose-dependent manner. For in vivo research, TMA (100 mM, i.p. and intra-rectal) once a week for 12 weeks caused significant changes in cellular morphology of colon and rectum epithelium as assessed by H & E staining. TMA also significantly increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and rectal epithelium indicating the severity of inflammation. In addition, TMA caused extensive mucosal damage and distortion in the epithelium, decrease in length of small intestine compared to control mice. In conclusion, these results highlight the detrimental effects of TMA in the colon and rectal epithelium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:40:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e371f4f27db44feba5416b5d7bc5072 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:40:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e371f4f27db44feba5416b5d7bc50722023-01-16T05:32:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-01-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.11014291101429Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cellsRekha Jalandra0Rekha Jalandra1Govind K. Makharia2Minakshi Sharma3Anil Kumar4Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IndiaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IndiaGene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, IndiaTrimethylamine (TMA) is produced by the intestinal microbiota as a by-product of metabolism of dietary precursors. TMA has been implicated in various chronic health conditions. However, the effect of TMA in the colon and the underlying mechanism was not clear. In this study, TMA exhibited toxic effects in vitro as well as in vivo. TMA-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage, and compromised cell membrane integrity leading to the release of LDH outside the cells which ultimately leads to cell death. Besides, TMA also exhibited pronounced increase in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. TMA was found to be genotoxic and cytotoxic as the TMA concentration increased from 0.15 mM. A decreased ATP intracellular content was observed after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment in a time and dose-dependent manner. For in vivo research, TMA (100 mM, i.p. and intra-rectal) once a week for 12 weeks caused significant changes in cellular morphology of colon and rectum epithelium as assessed by H & E staining. TMA also significantly increased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and rectal epithelium indicating the severity of inflammation. In addition, TMA caused extensive mucosal damage and distortion in the epithelium, decrease in length of small intestine compared to control mice. In conclusion, these results highlight the detrimental effects of TMA in the colon and rectal epithelium.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429/fullmetaboliteTMAgenotoxiccytotoxiccolorectal cancertrimethylamine |
| spellingShingle | Rekha Jalandra Rekha Jalandra Govind K. Makharia Minakshi Sharma Anil Kumar Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells Frontiers in Immunology metabolite TMA genotoxic cytotoxic colorectal cancer trimethylamine |
| title | Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| title_full | Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| title_short | Inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| title_sort | inflammatory and deleterious role of gut microbiota derived trimethylamine on colon cells |
| topic | metabolite TMA genotoxic cytotoxic colorectal cancer trimethylamine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1101429/full |
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