Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms
Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5749 |
| _version_ | 1797545570525511680 |
|---|---|
| author | Jérémie Loulier François Lefort Marcin Stocki Monika Asztemborska Rafał Szmigielski Krzysztof Siwek Tomasz Grzywacz Tom Hsiang Sławomir Ślusarski Tomasz Oszako Marcin Klisz Rafał Tarakowski Justyna Anna Nowakowska |
| author_facet | Jérémie Loulier François Lefort Marcin Stocki Monika Asztemborska Rafał Szmigielski Krzysztof Siwek Tomasz Grzywacz Tom Hsiang Sławomir Ślusarski Tomasz Oszako Marcin Klisz Rafał Tarakowski Justyna Anna Nowakowska |
| author_sort | Jérémie Loulier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (<i>Armillaria gallica</i>, <i>Armillaria ostoyae</i>, <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>, <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Fusarium poae</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>) and four oomycetes (<i>Phytophthora cactorum</i>, <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, <i>P. plurivora</i>, <i>P. ramorum</i>) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of <i>F. poae</i>, <i>R. solani</i> and <i>T. asperellum</i> appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except <i>R. solani</i>) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by <i>P. ramorum</i>, <i>F. poae</i>, <i>T. asperellum</i> and <i>R. solani</i>, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:17:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e3ac66b5e2641a2bf1b632252ef429e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:17:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e3ac66b5e2641a2bf1b632252ef429e2023-11-20T23:38:47ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-12-012523574910.3390/molecules25235749Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS PlatformsJérémie Loulier0François Lefort1Marcin Stocki2Monika Asztemborska3Rafał Szmigielski4Krzysztof Siwek5Tomasz Grzywacz6Tom Hsiang7Sławomir Ślusarski8Tomasz Oszako9Marcin Klisz10Rafał Tarakowski11Justyna Anna Nowakowska12InTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, SwitzerlandInTNE (Plants & Pathogens Group), Hepia, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, SwitzerlandInstitute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandEnvironmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaForest Protection Department, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, PolandInstitute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, PolandFaculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3 Street, 01-938 Warsaw, PolandFungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (<i>Armillaria gallica</i>, <i>Armillaria ostoyae</i>, <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>, <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Fusarium poae</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i>) and four oomycetes (<i>Phytophthora cactorum</i>, <i>P. cinnamomi</i>, <i>P. plurivora</i>, <i>P. ramorum</i>) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of <i>F. poae</i>, <i>R. solani</i> and <i>T. asperellum</i> appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except <i>R. solani</i>) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by <i>P. ramorum</i>, <i>F. poae</i>, <i>T. asperellum</i> and <i>R. solani</i>, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5749fungioomycetesVOCsEI mass spectrometrySPME-GC/MSe-nose |
| spellingShingle | Jérémie Loulier François Lefort Marcin Stocki Monika Asztemborska Rafał Szmigielski Krzysztof Siwek Tomasz Grzywacz Tom Hsiang Sławomir Ślusarski Tomasz Oszako Marcin Klisz Rafał Tarakowski Justyna Anna Nowakowska Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms Molecules fungi oomycetes VOCs EI mass spectrometry SPME-GC/MS e-nose |
| title | Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms |
| title_full | Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms |
| title_short | Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms |
| title_sort | detection of fungi and oomycetes by volatiles using e nose and spme gc ms platforms |
| topic | fungi oomycetes VOCs EI mass spectrometry SPME-GC/MS e-nose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/23/5749 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeremieloulier detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT francoislefort detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT marcinstocki detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT monikaasztemborska detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT rafałszmigielski detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT krzysztofsiwek detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT tomaszgrzywacz detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT tomhsiang detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT sławomirslusarski detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT tomaszoszako detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT marcinklisz detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT rafałtarakowski detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms AT justynaannanowakowska detectionoffungiandoomycetesbyvolatilesusingenoseandspmegcmsplatforms |