Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals
Introduction: There is a lack of data describing the blood pressure response (BPR) in well-trained individuals. In addition, continuous bio-signal measurements are increasingly investigated to overcome the limitations of intermittent cuff-based BP measurements during exercise testing. Thus, the pres...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.863855/full |
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| author | Sondre Heimark Sondre Heimark Ingrid Eitzen Isabella Vianello Isabella Vianello Kasper G. Bøtker-Rasmussen Asgeir Mamen Ole Marius Hoel Rindal Bård Waldum-Grevbo Øyvind Sandbakk Trine M. Seeberg |
| author_facet | Sondre Heimark Sondre Heimark Ingrid Eitzen Isabella Vianello Isabella Vianello Kasper G. Bøtker-Rasmussen Asgeir Mamen Ole Marius Hoel Rindal Bård Waldum-Grevbo Øyvind Sandbakk Trine M. Seeberg |
| author_sort | Sondre Heimark |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: There is a lack of data describing the blood pressure response (BPR) in well-trained individuals. In addition, continuous bio-signal measurements are increasingly investigated to overcome the limitations of intermittent cuff-based BP measurements during exercise testing. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the BPR in well-trained individuals during a cycle ergometer test with a particular focus on the systolic BP (SBP) and to investigate pulse arrival time (PAT) as a continuous surrogate for SBP during exercise testing.Materials and Methods: Eighteen well-trained male cyclists were included (32.4 ± 9.4 years; maximal oxygen uptake 63 ± 10 ml/min/kg) and performed a stepwise lactate threshold test with 5-minute stages, followed by a continuous test to voluntary exhaustion with 1-min increments when cycling on an ergometer. BP was measured with a standard automated exercise BP cuff. PAT was measured continuously with a non-invasive physiological measurements device (IsenseU) and metabolic consumption was measured continuously during both tests.Results: At lactate threshold (281 ± 56 W) and maximal intensity test (403 ± 61 W), SBP increased from resting values of 136 ± 9 mmHg to maximal values of 219 ± 21 mmHg and 231 ± 18 mmHg, respectively. Linear within-participant regression lines between PAT and SBP showed a mean r2 of 0.81 ± 17.Conclusion: In the present study focusing on the BPR in well-trained individuals, we observed a more exaggerated systolic BPR than in comparable recent studies. Future research should follow up on these findings to clarify the clinical implications of the high BPR in well-trained individuals. In addition, PAT showed strong intra-individual associations, indicating potential use as a surrogate SBP measurement during exercise testing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:58:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e3dc3f082c54b2582b4b3923d120ab8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:58:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e3dc3f082c54b2582b4b3923d120ab82022-12-22T02:44:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2022-07-011310.3389/fphys.2022.863855863855Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained IndividualsSondre Heimark0Sondre Heimark1Ingrid Eitzen2Isabella Vianello3Isabella Vianello4Kasper G. Bøtker-Rasmussen5Asgeir Mamen6Ole Marius Hoel Rindal7Bård Waldum-Grevbo8Øyvind Sandbakk9Trine M. Seeberg10Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, NorwayKristiania University College, School of Health Sciences, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayCentre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Smart Sensors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, NorwayIntroduction: There is a lack of data describing the blood pressure response (BPR) in well-trained individuals. In addition, continuous bio-signal measurements are increasingly investigated to overcome the limitations of intermittent cuff-based BP measurements during exercise testing. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the BPR in well-trained individuals during a cycle ergometer test with a particular focus on the systolic BP (SBP) and to investigate pulse arrival time (PAT) as a continuous surrogate for SBP during exercise testing.Materials and Methods: Eighteen well-trained male cyclists were included (32.4 ± 9.4 years; maximal oxygen uptake 63 ± 10 ml/min/kg) and performed a stepwise lactate threshold test with 5-minute stages, followed by a continuous test to voluntary exhaustion with 1-min increments when cycling on an ergometer. BP was measured with a standard automated exercise BP cuff. PAT was measured continuously with a non-invasive physiological measurements device (IsenseU) and metabolic consumption was measured continuously during both tests.Results: At lactate threshold (281 ± 56 W) and maximal intensity test (403 ± 61 W), SBP increased from resting values of 136 ± 9 mmHg to maximal values of 219 ± 21 mmHg and 231 ± 18 mmHg, respectively. Linear within-participant regression lines between PAT and SBP showed a mean r2 of 0.81 ± 17.Conclusion: In the present study focusing on the BPR in well-trained individuals, we observed a more exaggerated systolic BPR than in comparable recent studies. Future research should follow up on these findings to clarify the clinical implications of the high BPR in well-trained individuals. In addition, PAT showed strong intra-individual associations, indicating potential use as a surrogate SBP measurement during exercise testing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.863855/fullblood pressure responsecontinuous cuff-less measurement methoddiastolic blood pressure (DBP)endurance athletespulse arrival time (PAT)systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| spellingShingle | Sondre Heimark Sondre Heimark Ingrid Eitzen Isabella Vianello Isabella Vianello Kasper G. Bøtker-Rasmussen Asgeir Mamen Ole Marius Hoel Rindal Bård Waldum-Grevbo Øyvind Sandbakk Trine M. Seeberg Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals Frontiers in Physiology blood pressure response continuous cuff-less measurement method diastolic blood pressure (DBP) endurance athletes pulse arrival time (PAT) systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| title | Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals |
| title_full | Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals |
| title_fullStr | Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals |
| title_short | Blood Pressure Response and Pulse Arrival Time During Exercise Testing in Well-Trained Individuals |
| title_sort | blood pressure response and pulse arrival time during exercise testing in well trained individuals |
| topic | blood pressure response continuous cuff-less measurement method diastolic blood pressure (DBP) endurance athletes pulse arrival time (PAT) systolic blood pressure (SBP) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.863855/full |
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