| Summary: | <i>Brevundimonas diminuta</i> is broadly distributed in terrestrial and aquatic environments and has various biological activities. In this study, we found that <i>B. diminuta</i> exhibited nematicidal activity against the plant root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>. A total of 42 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from <i>B. diminuta</i> were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The nematicidal activity of the 10 main VOCs was tested against <i>M. javanica</i>. Butyl butanoate (4 µL) caused the mortality of 80.13% of <i>M. javanica</i> after 4 h. The nematicidal activity of an additional 38 butyl-butyrate-like volatile esters was also investigated. Of these, seven had strong nematicidal activity against <i>M. javanica</i>, five of which showed egg-hatching inhibitory activity. This study is the first to report that butyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 4-methylpentanoate, ethyl pent-4-enoate, and methyl undecanoate have nematicidal activity against <i>M. javanica</i>. The results indicated that <i>B. diminuta</i> could serve as a candidate microorganism for the biocontrol of plant root-knot nematodes, showing that volatile esters have great potential as nematicides.
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