A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities
Modern life is making people infertile. Giving birth later in life is wreaking havoc on our fertility and threatening human survival. Smart cities intend to optimize the quality of life of their citizens by utilizing technology for smarter living. This research first identifies the requirements and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Smart Cities |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/5/2/31 |
| _version_ | 1797482262786211840 |
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| author | Da-Yin Liao |
| author_facet | Da-Yin Liao |
| author_sort | Da-Yin Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modern life is making people infertile. Giving birth later in life is wreaking havoc on our fertility and threatening human survival. Smart cities intend to optimize the quality of life of their citizens by utilizing technology for smarter living. This research first identifies the requirements and business opportunities of using advanced technology for smarter fertility preservation and assisted reproduction in smart cities. A federated blockchain approach is proposed for the alliance of integrated commercial egg banks (ICEBs). In particular, we designed a membership fee rebate (MFR) mechanism that offers incentives for blockchain creations in the egg banking alliance. We formulated the MFR problem into a leader–followers Stackelberg game whose objectives are (1) to maximize the benefits of forming the alliance (the leader) and (2) to maximize the benefits in each ICEB (the follower). We developed an iterative scheme that utilizes mathematical programming techniques to solve the two-level, Stackelberg game problem. With a given set of parameters of the alliance and membership fee function, and the average number of blocks generated for an oocyte, the iterative scheme achieves the optimal solution for the MFR rate per block created. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of the proposed iterative scheme. Numerical results show that it achieves good solutions in adding a small to medium-sized new ICEB to the existing alliance. The proposed federated approach lays the foundation for developing a blockchain-based egg banking platform. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:30:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e438350253942c5bd242529df9aa542 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-6511 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:30:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Smart Cities |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e438350253942c5bd242529df9aa5422023-11-23T18:58:01ZengMDPI AGSmart Cities2624-65112022-05-015258360710.3390/smartcities5020031A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart CitiesDa-Yin Liao0Straight & Up Intelligent Innovations Group Co., San Jose, CA 95113, USAModern life is making people infertile. Giving birth later in life is wreaking havoc on our fertility and threatening human survival. Smart cities intend to optimize the quality of life of their citizens by utilizing technology for smarter living. This research first identifies the requirements and business opportunities of using advanced technology for smarter fertility preservation and assisted reproduction in smart cities. A federated blockchain approach is proposed for the alliance of integrated commercial egg banks (ICEBs). In particular, we designed a membership fee rebate (MFR) mechanism that offers incentives for blockchain creations in the egg banking alliance. We formulated the MFR problem into a leader–followers Stackelberg game whose objectives are (1) to maximize the benefits of forming the alliance (the leader) and (2) to maximize the benefits in each ICEB (the follower). We developed an iterative scheme that utilizes mathematical programming techniques to solve the two-level, Stackelberg game problem. With a given set of parameters of the alliance and membership fee function, and the average number of blocks generated for an oocyte, the iterative scheme achieves the optimal solution for the MFR rate per block created. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of the proposed iterative scheme. Numerical results show that it achieves good solutions in adding a small to medium-sized new ICEB to the existing alliance. The proposed federated approach lays the foundation for developing a blockchain-based egg banking platform.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/5/2/31federated blockchainconsortium blockchainsmart citiesfertility preservationcommercial egg bankmembership fee |
| spellingShingle | Da-Yin Liao A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities Smart Cities federated blockchain consortium blockchain smart cities fertility preservation commercial egg bank membership fee |
| title | A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities |
| title_full | A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities |
| title_fullStr | A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities |
| title_short | A Federated Blockchain Approach for Fertility Preservation and Assisted Reproduction in Smart Cities |
| title_sort | federated blockchain approach for fertility preservation and assisted reproduction in smart cities |
| topic | federated blockchain consortium blockchain smart cities fertility preservation commercial egg bank membership fee |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-6511/5/2/31 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dayinliao afederatedblockchainapproachforfertilitypreservationandassistedreproductioninsmartcities AT dayinliao federatedblockchainapproachforfertilitypreservationandassistedreproductioninsmartcities |