Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures
Modern autonomous vehicles with an electric/electronic (E/E) architecture represent the next big step in the automation and evolution of smart and self-driving vehicles. This technology is of significant interest nowadays and humans are currently witnessing the development of the different levels of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/518 |
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| author | Nadera Sultana Tany Sunish Suresh Durgesh Nandan Sinha Chinmay Shinde Cristina Stolojescu-Crisan Rahamatullah Khondoker |
| author_facet | Nadera Sultana Tany Sunish Suresh Durgesh Nandan Sinha Chinmay Shinde Cristina Stolojescu-Crisan Rahamatullah Khondoker |
| author_sort | Nadera Sultana Tany |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modern autonomous vehicles with an electric/electronic (E/E) architecture represent the next big step in the automation and evolution of smart and self-driving vehicles. This technology is of significant interest nowadays and humans are currently witnessing the development of the different levels of automation for their vehicles. According to recent demand, the components of smart vehicles are centrally or zonally connected, as well as connected to clouds to ensure the seamless automation of driving functions. This necessity has a downside, as it makes the system vulnerable to malicious attacks from hackers with unethical motives. To ensure the control, safety, and security of smart vehicles, attaining and upholding automotive cybersecurity standards is inevitable. The ISO/SAE 21434 Road vehicle—Cybersecurity engineering standard document was published in 2021 and can be considered the Bible of automotive cybersecurity. In this paper, a comparison between four different E/E architectures was made based on the aforementioned standard. One of them is the traditional distributed architecture with many electronic control units (ECUs). The other three architectures consist of centralized or zonally distributed high-performance computers (HPCs). As the complexity of autonomous E/E systems are on the rise, the traditional distributive method is compared against the HPC (brain)-based architectures to visualize a comparative scenario between the architectures. The authors of this paper analyzed the threats and damage scenarios of the architectures using the ISO/SAE 21434 standard, “Microsoft Threat Analysis Tool - STRIDE”, TARA, and “Ansys Medini Analyze”. Security controls are recommended to mitigate the threats and risks in all of these studied architectures. This work attempted to mitigate the gap in the scholarly literature by creating a comparative image of the E/E architectures on a generalized level. The exploratory method of this research provides the reader with knowledge on four different architecture types, their fundamental properties, advantages, and disadvantages along with a general overview of the threats and vulnerabilities associated with each in light of the ISO/SAE 21434 standard. The improvement possibilities of the studied architectures are provided and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted herein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:28Z |
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| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e4f156725c447169007b531b40a79672023-11-24T05:11:55ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892022-10-01131151810.3390/info13110518Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic ArchitecturesNadera Sultana Tany0Sunish Suresh1Durgesh Nandan Sinha2Chinmay Shinde3Cristina Stolojescu-Crisan4Rahamatullah Khondoker5AG Information Management (AGIM), Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, GermanyDepartment of Control, Computer and Communications Engineering (CCCE), Faculty of Information Technology, Electronics, Mechatronics (IEM), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) University of Applied Sciences, 61169 Friedberg, GermanyDepartment of Control, Computer and Communications Engineering (CCCE), Faculty of Information Technology, Electronics, Mechatronics (IEM), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) University of Applied Sciences, 61169 Friedberg, GermanyDepartment of Control, Computer and Communications Engineering (CCCE), Faculty of Information Technology, Electronics, Mechatronics (IEM), Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (THM) University of Applied Sciences, 61169 Friedberg, GermanyCommunications Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Bd. Vasile Pârvan, nr. 2, 300223 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Business Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Science & Data Processing (MND), THM University of Applied Sciences, 61169 Friedberg, GermanyModern autonomous vehicles with an electric/electronic (E/E) architecture represent the next big step in the automation and evolution of smart and self-driving vehicles. This technology is of significant interest nowadays and humans are currently witnessing the development of the different levels of automation for their vehicles. According to recent demand, the components of smart vehicles are centrally or zonally connected, as well as connected to clouds to ensure the seamless automation of driving functions. This necessity has a downside, as it makes the system vulnerable to malicious attacks from hackers with unethical motives. To ensure the control, safety, and security of smart vehicles, attaining and upholding automotive cybersecurity standards is inevitable. The ISO/SAE 21434 Road vehicle—Cybersecurity engineering standard document was published in 2021 and can be considered the Bible of automotive cybersecurity. In this paper, a comparison between four different E/E architectures was made based on the aforementioned standard. One of them is the traditional distributed architecture with many electronic control units (ECUs). The other three architectures consist of centralized or zonally distributed high-performance computers (HPCs). As the complexity of autonomous E/E systems are on the rise, the traditional distributive method is compared against the HPC (brain)-based architectures to visualize a comparative scenario between the architectures. The authors of this paper analyzed the threats and damage scenarios of the architectures using the ISO/SAE 21434 standard, “Microsoft Threat Analysis Tool - STRIDE”, TARA, and “Ansys Medini Analyze”. Security controls are recommended to mitigate the threats and risks in all of these studied architectures. This work attempted to mitigate the gap in the scholarly literature by creating a comparative image of the E/E architectures on a generalized level. The exploratory method of this research provides the reader with knowledge on four different architecture types, their fundamental properties, advantages, and disadvantages along with a general overview of the threats and vulnerabilities associated with each in light of the ISO/SAE 21434 standard. The improvement possibilities of the studied architectures are provided and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted herein.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/518automotive cybersecurityE/E architecturethreat analysisHPCarchitecture comparisonsystem security |
| spellingShingle | Nadera Sultana Tany Sunish Suresh Durgesh Nandan Sinha Chinmay Shinde Cristina Stolojescu-Crisan Rahamatullah Khondoker Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures Information automotive cybersecurity E/E architecture threat analysis HPC architecture comparison system security |
| title | Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures |
| title_full | Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures |
| title_fullStr | Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures |
| title_short | Cybersecurity Comparison of Brain-Based Automotive Electrical and Electronic Architectures |
| title_sort | cybersecurity comparison of brain based automotive electrical and electronic architectures |
| topic | automotive cybersecurity E/E architecture threat analysis HPC architecture comparison system security |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/518 |
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