GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate
Autologous platelet concentrates, like liquid platelet rich fibrin (iPRF), optimize wound healing; however, the underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly understood. Platelets, the main cellular component of iPRF, highly express the protein, Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), on the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3136 |
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| author | Emily R. Trzeciak Niklas Zimmer Peer W. Kämmerer Daniel Thiem Bilal Al-Nawas Andrea Tuettenberg Sebastian Blatt |
| author_facet | Emily R. Trzeciak Niklas Zimmer Peer W. Kämmerer Daniel Thiem Bilal Al-Nawas Andrea Tuettenberg Sebastian Blatt |
| author_sort | Emily R. Trzeciak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autologous platelet concentrates, like liquid platelet rich fibrin (iPRF), optimize wound healing; however, the underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly understood. Platelets, the main cellular component of iPRF, highly express the protein, Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), on their surfaces. GARP plays a crucial role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, but its influence on the immune capacity of iPRF remains unclear. This study analyzed the interaction of iPRF with immune cells implicated in the wound healing process (human monocyte derived macrophages and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) and evaluated the distinct influence of GARP on these mechanisms in vitro. GARP was determined to be expressed on the surface of platelets and to exist as a soluble factor in iPRF. Platelets derived from iPRF and iPRF itself induced a regulatory phenotype in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, shown by increased expression of Foxp3 and GARP as well as decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Application of an anti-GARP antibody reversed these effects. Additionally, iPRF polarized macrophages to a “M0/M2-like” phenotype in a GARP independent manner. Altogether, this study demonstrated for the first time that the immune capacity of iPRF is mediated in part by GARP and its ability to induce regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:03Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:18:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e522124c1e04649b30f383d503e46e82023-11-24T13:27:28ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-12-011012313610.3390/biomedicines10123136GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet ConcentrateEmily R. Trzeciak0Niklas Zimmer1Peer W. Kämmerer2Daniel Thiem3Bilal Al-Nawas4Andrea Tuettenberg5Sebastian Blatt6Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyAutologous platelet concentrates, like liquid platelet rich fibrin (iPRF), optimize wound healing; however, the underlying immunological mechanisms are poorly understood. Platelets, the main cellular component of iPRF, highly express the protein, Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), on their surfaces. GARP plays a crucial role in maintaining peripheral tolerance, but its influence on the immune capacity of iPRF remains unclear. This study analyzed the interaction of iPRF with immune cells implicated in the wound healing process (human monocyte derived macrophages and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells) and evaluated the distinct influence of GARP on these mechanisms in vitro. GARP was determined to be expressed on the surface of platelets and to exist as a soluble factor in iPRF. Platelets derived from iPRF and iPRF itself induced a regulatory phenotype in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, shown by increased expression of Foxp3 and GARP as well as decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Application of an anti-GARP antibody reversed these effects. Additionally, iPRF polarized macrophages to a “M0/M2-like” phenotype in a GARP independent manner. Altogether, this study demonstrated for the first time that the immune capacity of iPRF is mediated in part by GARP and its ability to induce regulatory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3136iPRFliquid platelet rich fibrinautologous platelet concentratewound healingGARPTGF-ß |
| spellingShingle | Emily R. Trzeciak Niklas Zimmer Peer W. Kämmerer Daniel Thiem Bilal Al-Nawas Andrea Tuettenberg Sebastian Blatt GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate Biomedicines iPRF liquid platelet rich fibrin autologous platelet concentrate wound healing GARP TGF-ß |
| title | GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate |
| title_full | GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate |
| title_fullStr | GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate |
| title_short | GARP Regulates the Immune Capacity of a Human Autologous Platelet Concentrate |
| title_sort | garp regulates the immune capacity of a human autologous platelet concentrate |
| topic | iPRF liquid platelet rich fibrin autologous platelet concentrate wound healing GARP TGF-ß |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/12/3136 |
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