Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant
Recently, ammonium carbamate (AC) has attracted attention as a substitute for urea, which is a commonly used reductant for NO<sub>x</sub> emitted from combustion engines. The AC exists as a solid at room temperature, and it is decomposed to NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2&l...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3795 |
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| author | Sang-Hee Woo Jung-Hun Noh Hassan Raza Hongsuk Kim |
| author_facet | Sang-Hee Woo Jung-Hun Noh Hassan Raza Hongsuk Kim |
| author_sort | Sang-Hee Woo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, ammonium carbamate (AC) has attracted attention as a substitute for urea, which is a commonly used reductant for NO<sub>x</sub> emitted from combustion engines. The AC exists as a solid at room temperature, and it is decomposed to NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> gases by heating. Therefore, adequate heat transfer is an essential issue in the design of AC pyrolysis reactor. In this study, a numerical model that describes the sublimation of AC was developed. For modeling, this study considered the three different calculation zones: solid-phase zone, gas-phase zone, and sublimation zone. Additionally, during the sublimation process, collapse of upper solid AC into the hollow space below by the effect of gravity is considered. As a result, it is presented that the modeling shows reasonable information about the AC sublimation in a reactor, such as temperatures in a reactor, pressure of reactor, and flow rate of sublimated gas. However, it is also found that accurate prediction of spatial temperature distribution is challenging because it is related to the accurate prediction of the internal shape of AC and its collapse in a reactor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:05:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e5acef15fb64c4780f2a966aa88ffbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:05:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e5acef15fb64c4780f2a966aa88ffbb2023-11-22T01:34:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-06-011413379510.3390/en14133795Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx ReductantSang-Hee Woo0Jung-Hun Noh1Hassan Raza2Hongsuk Kim3Environment System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, KoreaAI and Mechanical System Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, 175-28, Goan-ro 51beon-gil, Baegam-myeon, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Yongin 17180, KoreaEnvironment System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, KoreaEnvironment System Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, KoreaRecently, ammonium carbamate (AC) has attracted attention as a substitute for urea, which is a commonly used reductant for NO<sub>x</sub> emitted from combustion engines. The AC exists as a solid at room temperature, and it is decomposed to NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> gases by heating. Therefore, adequate heat transfer is an essential issue in the design of AC pyrolysis reactor. In this study, a numerical model that describes the sublimation of AC was developed. For modeling, this study considered the three different calculation zones: solid-phase zone, gas-phase zone, and sublimation zone. Additionally, during the sublimation process, collapse of upper solid AC into the hollow space below by the effect of gravity is considered. As a result, it is presented that the modeling shows reasonable information about the AC sublimation in a reactor, such as temperatures in a reactor, pressure of reactor, and flow rate of sublimated gas. However, it is also found that accurate prediction of spatial temperature distribution is challenging because it is related to the accurate prediction of the internal shape of AC and its collapse in a reactor.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3795ammonium carbamatesublimationnumerical methodammoniaNOx |
| spellingShingle | Sang-Hee Woo Jung-Hun Noh Hassan Raza Hongsuk Kim Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant Energies ammonium carbamate sublimation numerical method ammonia NOx |
| title | Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant |
| title_full | Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant |
| title_short | Numerical Modeling of Sublimation of Ammonium Carbamate Applied to Supply System of NOx Reductant |
| title_sort | numerical modeling of sublimation of ammonium carbamate applied to supply system of nox reductant |
| topic | ammonium carbamate sublimation numerical method ammonia NOx |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3795 |
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