Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
An economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 fo...
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National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemsitry
2017-06-01
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Series: | Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry |
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author | F. O. Nwosu F. A. Adekola A. O. Salami |
author_facet | F. O. Nwosu F. A. Adekola A. O. Salami |
author_sort | F. O. Nwosu |
collection | DOAJ |
description | An economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 for a period of 2 h. The effects of initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH on the uptake of 4-nitrophenol / para-nitrophenol (PNP) using pili nut-based active carbon (PAC) were determined. The PAC maximum adsorption capacity value (190.39 mg/g) was obtained at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L and was found to be greater than that of a commercial granular active carbon (CGAC) (166.97 mg/g) at an initial concentration of 800 mg/L. The BET surface area and total pore volume of PAC (960 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g) respectively were also greater than that of CGAC (426.3 m2/g, 0.208 cm3/g). The pore size distribution of the PAC (2.842 nm) classifies it to be within range of super-microporous and as such could be used for toxic gas removal as well as small liquid molecules. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of PNP onto PAC, while pseudo second order kinetics fitted best. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, active carbon produced from PNS can be used to adsorb PNP. |
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issn | 1996-918X 2221-5255 |
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spelling | doaj.art-3e648365d9104b71b9c33d8b7d745a5b2022-12-22T01:15:03ZengNational Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemsitryPakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry1996-918X2221-52552017-06-01181698310.21743/pjaec/2017.06.07Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active CarbonF. O. Nwosu0F. A. Adekola 1A. O. Salami2Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaAn economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 for a period of 2 h. The effects of initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH on the uptake of 4-nitrophenol / para-nitrophenol (PNP) using pili nut-based active carbon (PAC) were determined. The PAC maximum adsorption capacity value (190.39 mg/g) was obtained at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L and was found to be greater than that of a commercial granular active carbon (CGAC) (166.97 mg/g) at an initial concentration of 800 mg/L. The BET surface area and total pore volume of PAC (960 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g) respectively were also greater than that of CGAC (426.3 m2/g, 0.208 cm3/g). The pore size distribution of the PAC (2.842 nm) classifies it to be within range of super-microporous and as such could be used for toxic gas removal as well as small liquid molecules. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of PNP onto PAC, while pseudo second order kinetics fitted best. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, active carbon produced from PNS can be used to adsorb PNP.http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Volume%2018%20Issue%201/69-83-Galley%20Proof%20PJAEC-30032016-35.pdfPili nut4-NitrophenolActive carbonKineticsIsotherm |
spellingShingle | F. O. Nwosu F. A. Adekola A. O. Salami Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pili nut 4-Nitrophenol Active carbon Kinetics Isotherm |
title | Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon |
title_full | Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon |
title_fullStr | Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon |
title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon |
title_short | Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon |
title_sort | adsorption of 4 nitrophenol pnp using pilli nut shell active carbon |
topic | Pili nut 4-Nitrophenol Active carbon Kinetics Isotherm |
url | http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Volume%2018%20Issue%201/69-83-Galley%20Proof%20PJAEC-30032016-35.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv | AT fonwosu adsorptionof4nitrophenolpnpusingpillinutshellactivecarbon AT faadekola adsorptionof4nitrophenolpnpusingpillinutshellactivecarbon AT aosalami adsorptionof4nitrophenolpnpusingpillinutshellactivecarbon |