Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon

An economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 fo...

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Main Authors: F. O. Nwosu, F. A. Adekola, A. O. Salami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemsitry 2017-06-01
Series:Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Volume%2018%20Issue%201/69-83-Galley%20Proof%20PJAEC-30032016-35.pdf
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author F. O. Nwosu
F. A. Adekola
A. O. Salami
author_facet F. O. Nwosu
F. A. Adekola
A. O. Salami
author_sort F. O. Nwosu
collection DOAJ
description An economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 for a period of 2 h. The effects of initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH on the uptake of 4-nitrophenol / para-nitrophenol (PNP) using pili nut-based active carbon (PAC) were determined. The PAC maximum adsorption capacity value (190.39 mg/g) was obtained at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L and was found to be greater than that of a commercial granular active carbon (CGAC) (166.97 mg/g) at an initial concentration of 800 mg/L. The BET surface area and total pore volume of PAC (960 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g) respectively were also greater than that of CGAC (426.3 m2/g, 0.208 cm3/g). The pore size distribution of the PAC (2.842 nm) classifies it to be within range of super-microporous and as such could be used for toxic gas removal as well as small liquid molecules. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of PNP onto PAC, while pseudo second order kinetics fitted best. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, active carbon produced from PNS can be used to adsorb PNP.
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spelling doaj.art-3e648365d9104b71b9c33d8b7d745a5b2022-12-22T01:15:03ZengNational Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemsitryPakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry1996-918X2221-52552017-06-01181698310.21743/pjaec/2017.06.07Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active CarbonF. O. Nwosu0F. A. Adekola 1A. O. Salami2Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaAn economically feasible technology for the removal of pollutants from wastewater is adsorption. Active carbon was prepared by single stage method via chemical impregnation of pili Nut-Shell (PNS) with orthophosphoric acid and activation at a temperature of 450oC using precursor-acid ratio of 1:4 for a period of 2 h. The effects of initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and pH on the uptake of 4-nitrophenol / para-nitrophenol (PNP) using pili nut-based active carbon (PAC) were determined. The PAC maximum adsorption capacity value (190.39 mg/g) was obtained at an initial concentration of 1000 mg/L and was found to be greater than that of a commercial granular active carbon (CGAC) (166.97 mg/g) at an initial concentration of 800 mg/L. The BET surface area and total pore volume of PAC (960 m2/g, 0.422 cm3/g) respectively were also greater than that of CGAC (426.3 m2/g, 0.208 cm3/g). The pore size distribution of the PAC (2.842 nm) classifies it to be within range of super-microporous and as such could be used for toxic gas removal as well as small liquid molecules. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of PNP onto PAC, while pseudo second order kinetics fitted best. The adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, active carbon produced from PNS can be used to adsorb PNP.http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Volume%2018%20Issue%201/69-83-Galley%20Proof%20PJAEC-30032016-35.pdfPili nut4-NitrophenolActive carbonKineticsIsotherm
spellingShingle F. O. Nwosu
F. A. Adekola
A. O. Salami
Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry
Pili nut
4-Nitrophenol
Active carbon
Kinetics
Isotherm
title Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
title_full Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
title_fullStr Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
title_full_unstemmed Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
title_short Adsorption of 4-Nitrophenol (PNP) Using Pilli Nut Shell Active Carbon
title_sort adsorption of 4 nitrophenol pnp using pilli nut shell active carbon
topic Pili nut
4-Nitrophenol
Active carbon
Kinetics
Isotherm
url http://www.ceacsu.edu.pk/PDF%20file/Volume%2018%20Issue%201/69-83-Galley%20Proof%20PJAEC-30032016-35.pdf
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