Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota
Tremellomycetes rDNA sequences previously detected in wheat kernels by MiSeq were not reliably assigned to a genus or clade. From comparisons of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and subsequent phylogenetic analyses, the following three basidiomycetous yeasts were resolved and ident...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/905 |
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| author | Vladimir Vujanovic |
| author_facet | Vladimir Vujanovic |
| author_sort | Vladimir Vujanovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tremellomycetes rDNA sequences previously detected in wheat kernels by MiSeq were not reliably assigned to a genus or clade. From comparisons of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and subsequent phylogenetic analyses, the following three basidiomycetous yeasts were resolved and identified: <i>Vishniacozyma</i><i>victoriae</i>, <i>V. tephrensis,</i> and an undescribed <i>Vishniacozyma</i> rDNA variant. The <i>Vishniacozyma</i> variant’s clade is evolutionarily close to, but phylogenetically distinct from, the <i>V. carnescens</i> clade. These three yeasts were discovered in wheat kernel samples from the Canadian prairies. Variations in relative <i>Vishniacozyma</i> species abundances coincided with altered wheat kernel weight, as well as host resistance to chemibiotrophic <i>Tilletia</i> (Common bunt—CB) and necrotrophic <i>Fusarium</i> (Fusarium head blight—FHB) pathogens. Wheat kernel weight was influenced by the coexistence of <i>Vishniacozyma</i> with endophytic plant growth-promoting and mycoparasitic biocontrol fungi that were acquired by plants. Kernels were coated with beneficial <i>Penicillium</i> endophyte and <i>Sphaerodes</i> mycoparasite, each of which had different influences on the wild yeast population. Its integral role in the kernel microbiome renders <i>Vishniacozyma</i> a measurable indicator of the microbiome–plant interaction. The ability of NGS technology to detect specific endophytic DNA variants and early changes in dynamics among symbionts within the kernel ecological niche enables the prediction of crop disease emergence, suggesting that advanced microbiological testing may be a potentially useful tool for both phytoprotection and more efficient wheat breeding programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e68034eb1cc4ec1a3a1db914e7178f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:48:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e68034eb1cc4ec1a3a1db914e7178f22023-11-21T17:54:24ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-04-0110590510.3390/plants10050905Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat PathobiotaVladimir Vujanovic0Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, CanadaTremellomycetes rDNA sequences previously detected in wheat kernels by MiSeq were not reliably assigned to a genus or clade. From comparisons of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and subsequent phylogenetic analyses, the following three basidiomycetous yeasts were resolved and identified: <i>Vishniacozyma</i><i>victoriae</i>, <i>V. tephrensis,</i> and an undescribed <i>Vishniacozyma</i> rDNA variant. The <i>Vishniacozyma</i> variant’s clade is evolutionarily close to, but phylogenetically distinct from, the <i>V. carnescens</i> clade. These three yeasts were discovered in wheat kernel samples from the Canadian prairies. Variations in relative <i>Vishniacozyma</i> species abundances coincided with altered wheat kernel weight, as well as host resistance to chemibiotrophic <i>Tilletia</i> (Common bunt—CB) and necrotrophic <i>Fusarium</i> (Fusarium head blight—FHB) pathogens. Wheat kernel weight was influenced by the coexistence of <i>Vishniacozyma</i> with endophytic plant growth-promoting and mycoparasitic biocontrol fungi that were acquired by plants. Kernels were coated with beneficial <i>Penicillium</i> endophyte and <i>Sphaerodes</i> mycoparasite, each of which had different influences on the wild yeast population. Its integral role in the kernel microbiome renders <i>Vishniacozyma</i> a measurable indicator of the microbiome–plant interaction. The ability of NGS technology to detect specific endophytic DNA variants and early changes in dynamics among symbionts within the kernel ecological niche enables the prediction of crop disease emergence, suggesting that advanced microbiological testing may be a potentially useful tool for both phytoprotection and more efficient wheat breeding programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/905TremellomycetesTriticalewheatbiocontrolITS rDNAendophyte |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Vujanovic Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota Plants Tremellomycetes Triticale wheat biocontrol ITS rDNA endophyte |
| title | Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota |
| title_full | Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota |
| title_fullStr | Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota |
| title_short | Tremellomycetes Yeasts in Kernel Ecological Niche: Early Indicators of Enhanced Competitiveness of Endophytic and Mycoparasitic Symbionts against Wheat Pathobiota |
| title_sort | tremellomycetes yeasts in kernel ecological niche early indicators of enhanced competitiveness of endophytic and mycoparasitic symbionts against wheat pathobiota |
| topic | Tremellomycetes Triticale wheat biocontrol ITS rDNA endophyte |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/905 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vladimirvujanovic tremellomycetesyeastsinkernelecologicalnicheearlyindicatorsofenhancedcompetitivenessofendophyticandmycoparasiticsymbiontsagainstwheatpathobiota |