Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery
Lithium–air batteries have become a desirable research direction in the field of green energy due to their large specific capacity and high energy density. The current research mainly focuses on an open system continuously supplying high-purity oxygen or air. However, factors such as water and CO<...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Inorganics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/2/69 |
| _version_ | 1827757072145448960 |
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| author | Junkai Wang Rui Gao Xiangfeng Liu |
| author_facet | Junkai Wang Rui Gao Xiangfeng Liu |
| author_sort | Junkai Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lithium–air batteries have become a desirable research direction in the field of green energy due to their large specific capacity and high energy density. The current research mainly focuses on an open system continuously supplying high-purity oxygen or air. However, factors such as water and CO<sub>2</sub> in the open system and liquid electrolytes’ evaporation will decrease battery performance. To improve the practical application of lithium–air batteries, developing a lithium–oxygen battery that does not need a gaseous oxygen supply is desirable. In this study, we designed a closed lithium–oxygen battery model based on the conversion of lithium superoxide and lithium peroxide (LiO<sub>2</sub> + e<sup>−</sup> + Li<sup>+</sup> ↔ Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Herein, the Pd-rGO as a catalyst will produce the LiO<sub>2</sub> in the pre-discharge process, and the closed battery can cycle over 57 cycles stably. In addition to in situ Raman spectra, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) have been applied to explanation the conversion between LiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during the charge–discharge process. This work paves the way to introduce a new closed “lithium–oxygen” battery system for developing large-capacity green energy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e6bf5e602a74692be9d4cc47b1416c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Inorganics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e6bf5e602a74692be9d4cc47b1416c42023-11-16T21:13:30ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402023-02-011126910.3390/inorganics11020069Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” BatteryJunkai Wang0Rui Gao1Xiangfeng Liu2College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaLithium–air batteries have become a desirable research direction in the field of green energy due to their large specific capacity and high energy density. The current research mainly focuses on an open system continuously supplying high-purity oxygen or air. However, factors such as water and CO<sub>2</sub> in the open system and liquid electrolytes’ evaporation will decrease battery performance. To improve the practical application of lithium–air batteries, developing a lithium–oxygen battery that does not need a gaseous oxygen supply is desirable. In this study, we designed a closed lithium–oxygen battery model based on the conversion of lithium superoxide and lithium peroxide (LiO<sub>2</sub> + e<sup>−</sup> + Li<sup>+</sup> ↔ Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Herein, the Pd-rGO as a catalyst will produce the LiO<sub>2</sub> in the pre-discharge process, and the closed battery can cycle over 57 cycles stably. In addition to in situ Raman spectra, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) have been applied to explanation the conversion between LiO<sub>2</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during the charge–discharge process. This work paves the way to introduce a new closed “lithium–oxygen” battery system for developing large-capacity green energy.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/2/69lithium–oxygen batterylithium superoxidelithium peroxideelectrochemical quartz crystal microbalancedifferential electrochemical mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Junkai Wang Rui Gao Xiangfeng Liu Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery Inorganics lithium–oxygen battery lithium superoxide lithium peroxide electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance differential electrochemical mass spectrometry |
| title | Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery |
| title_full | Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery |
| title_short | Reversible Conversion between Lithium Superoxide and Lithium Peroxide: A Closed “Lithium–Oxygen” Battery |
| title_sort | reversible conversion between lithium superoxide and lithium peroxide a closed lithium oxygen battery |
| topic | lithium–oxygen battery lithium superoxide lithium peroxide electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance differential electrochemical mass spectrometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/11/2/69 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT junkaiwang reversibleconversionbetweenlithiumsuperoxideandlithiumperoxideaclosedlithiumoxygenbattery AT ruigao reversibleconversionbetweenlithiumsuperoxideandlithiumperoxideaclosedlithiumoxygenbattery AT xiangfengliu reversibleconversionbetweenlithiumsuperoxideandlithiumperoxideaclosedlithiumoxygenbattery |