Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review
Despite being highly preventable, stroke is the second-most common cause of death and disability in the world. Secondary prevention is critical as the stroke recurrence risk is 6- to 15-fold higher than the risk of stroke in the general population. Stroke recurrence is associated with higher mortali...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/504 |
| _version_ | 1797240055031398400 |
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| author | Valbona Govori Hrvoje Budinčević Sandra Morović Filip Đerke Vida Demarin |
| author_facet | Valbona Govori Hrvoje Budinčević Sandra Morović Filip Đerke Vida Demarin |
| author_sort | Valbona Govori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite being highly preventable, stroke is the second-most common cause of death and disability in the world. Secondary prevention is critical as the stroke recurrence risk is 6- to 15-fold higher than the risk of stroke in the general population. Stroke recurrence is associated with higher mortality rates and increased disability levels. Lifestyle modifications should address not single but multiple cardiovascular risk factors to effectively reduce the risk of stroke. Lifestyle modifications on a personal level should include adequate physical activity, a healthy diet, the cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption, and stress reduction. Physical activities should be performed in a healthy environment without air pollution. According to recent studies, up to 90% of strokes might be prevented by addressing and treating ten modifiable stroke risk factors, half of which are related to lifestyle modifications. These lifestyle modifications, which are behavioral interventions, could impact other modifiable risk factors such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. The most common obstacles to effective secondary stroke prevention are motor impairment, post-stroke cognitive impairment, post-stroke depression, and stroke subtype. Long-term lifestyle modifications are difficult to sustain and require comprehensive, individualized interventions. This review underlines the benefits of adhering to lifestyle modifications as the most effective secondary stroke prevention measure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e6ee6b0584c46efa061eef153c30a8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e6ee6b0584c46efa061eef153c30a8b2024-03-27T13:53:51ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-03-0160350410.3390/medicina60030504Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative ReviewValbona Govori0Hrvoje Budinčević1Sandra Morović2Filip Đerke3Vida Demarin4Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center, 10000 Prishtina, KosovoDepartment of Neurology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaAviva Medical Center, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Neurology, Dubrava University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaInternational Institute for Brain Health, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDespite being highly preventable, stroke is the second-most common cause of death and disability in the world. Secondary prevention is critical as the stroke recurrence risk is 6- to 15-fold higher than the risk of stroke in the general population. Stroke recurrence is associated with higher mortality rates and increased disability levels. Lifestyle modifications should address not single but multiple cardiovascular risk factors to effectively reduce the risk of stroke. Lifestyle modifications on a personal level should include adequate physical activity, a healthy diet, the cessation of smoking and alcohol consumption, and stress reduction. Physical activities should be performed in a healthy environment without air pollution. According to recent studies, up to 90% of strokes might be prevented by addressing and treating ten modifiable stroke risk factors, half of which are related to lifestyle modifications. These lifestyle modifications, which are behavioral interventions, could impact other modifiable risk factors such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. The most common obstacles to effective secondary stroke prevention are motor impairment, post-stroke cognitive impairment, post-stroke depression, and stroke subtype. Long-term lifestyle modifications are difficult to sustain and require comprehensive, individualized interventions. This review underlines the benefits of adhering to lifestyle modifications as the most effective secondary stroke prevention measure.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/504recurrent strokesecondary preventionlifestyle modificationhealth behaviorphysical activityair pollution |
| spellingShingle | Valbona Govori Hrvoje Budinčević Sandra Morović Filip Đerke Vida Demarin Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review Medicina recurrent stroke secondary prevention lifestyle modification health behavior physical activity air pollution |
| title | Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Updated Perspectives on Lifestyle Interventions as Secondary Stroke Prevention Measures: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | updated perspectives on lifestyle interventions as secondary stroke prevention measures a narrative review |
| topic | recurrent stroke secondary prevention lifestyle modification health behavior physical activity air pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/3/504 |
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