Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
The current battle against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 benefits from the worldwide distribution of different vaccine formulations. All anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use are conceived to induce anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies. However, this strategy still has unresolved is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/922 |
| _version_ | 1797521855324618752 |
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| author | Maurizio Federico |
| author_facet | Maurizio Federico |
| author_sort | Maurizio Federico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current battle against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 benefits from the worldwide distribution of different vaccine formulations. All anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use are conceived to induce anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies. However, this strategy still has unresolved issues, the most relevant of which are: (i) the resistance to neutralizing antibodies of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and (ii) the waning of neutralizing antibodies. On the other hand, both pre-clinical evidence and clinical evidence support the idea that the immunity sustained by antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes can complement and also surrogate the antiviral humoral immunity. As a distinctive feature, anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8<sup>+</sup> T-driven immunity maintains its efficacy even in the presence of viral protein mutations. In addition, on the basis of data obtained in survivors of the SARS-CoV epidemic, this immunity is expected to last for several years. In this review, both the mechanisms and role of CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell immunity in viral infections, particularly those induced by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, are analyzed. Moreover, a CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell-based vaccine platform relying on in vivo engineered extracellular vesicles is described. When applied to SARS-CoV-2, this strategy was proven to induce a strong immunogenicity, holding great promise for its translation into the clinic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e79fc6b50b44ba4813ca6940d57328a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:18:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e79fc6b50b44ba4813ca6940d57328a2023-11-22T10:08:04ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-08-019892210.3390/vaccines9080922Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 PandemicMaurizio Federico0National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, ItalyThe current battle against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus-2 benefits from the worldwide distribution of different vaccine formulations. All anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in use are conceived to induce anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies. However, this strategy still has unresolved issues, the most relevant of which are: (i) the resistance to neutralizing antibodies of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and (ii) the waning of neutralizing antibodies. On the other hand, both pre-clinical evidence and clinical evidence support the idea that the immunity sustained by antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes can complement and also surrogate the antiviral humoral immunity. As a distinctive feature, anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8<sup>+</sup> T-driven immunity maintains its efficacy even in the presence of viral protein mutations. In addition, on the basis of data obtained in survivors of the SARS-CoV epidemic, this immunity is expected to last for several years. In this review, both the mechanisms and role of CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell immunity in viral infections, particularly those induced by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, are analyzed. Moreover, a CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell-based vaccine platform relying on in vivo engineered extracellular vesicles is described. When applied to SARS-CoV-2, this strategy was proven to induce a strong immunogenicity, holding great promise for its translation into the clinic.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/922cross-presentationCD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell immunitySARS-CoV-2extracellular vesicles |
| spellingShingle | Maurizio Federico Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Vaccines cross-presentation CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell immunity SARS-CoV-2 extracellular vesicles |
| title | Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic |
| title_full | Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic |
| title_short | Virus-Induced CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Immunity and Its Exploitation to Contain the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic |
| title_sort | virus induced cd8 sup sup t cell immunity and its exploitation to contain the sars cov 2 pandemic |
| topic | cross-presentation CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell immunity SARS-CoV-2 extracellular vesicles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/922 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mauriziofederico virusinducedcd8supsuptcellimmunityanditsexploitationtocontainthesarscov2pandemic |