An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative?
Helminth parasitic infections are a considerable constraint to the livestock industries worldwide. Nematode parasites cause the major proportion of harm to livestock. The infections caused are accountable for severe economic losses in cattle, goat and sheep farming industries. Morbidity and mortalit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/7/1359 |
| _version_ | 1797590705778982912 |
|---|---|
| author | Laraibah Hamid Abdulrhman Alsayari Hidayatullah Tak Suhail Ahmad Mir Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad Shadma Wahab Ghulam Nabi Bader |
| author_facet | Laraibah Hamid Abdulrhman Alsayari Hidayatullah Tak Suhail Ahmad Mir Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad Shadma Wahab Ghulam Nabi Bader |
| author_sort | Laraibah Hamid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Helminth parasitic infections are a considerable constraint to the livestock industries worldwide. Nematode parasites cause the major proportion of harm to livestock. The infections caused are accountable for severe economic losses in cattle, goat and sheep farming industries. Morbidity and mortality in livestock due to parasitic diseases are increasing alarmingly. Also, their zoonotic influence on human health is considered significant. Anthelmintic drugs have been developed occasionally to curb this disease and prevent major losses. But the development of resistance against these drugs has put another constraint on this flourishing industry. Helminth parasites have developed resistance against three main classes of anthelmintics: benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones and nicotinic agonists. With the intensification of resistance, various screening and confirmatory tests have been developed for the speedy introduction of newer drugs in the livestock industry. At the same time, designing and launching novel anthelmintics is time-consuming and economically restrained. Phytochemicals attract much attention because of their pharmacotherapeutic potential, least toxic profile and low environmental hazards. A lot of work is going on plant-based anthelmintic drugs throughout the world. Plants possessing anthelmintic activity have been found efficacious against gastrointestinal parasites. Nevertheless, these herbal medicines have various drawbacks, which include poor efficacy and the absence of target selectivity. These problems are now being taken care of with the help of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles improve the drug’s effectiveness, enhance drug delivery, and target selectivity at specific sites. A comprehensive literature survey was carried out via electronic searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; articles were selected for this review. The review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of plant-based nanoparticles as therapeutic alternatives over conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs. It also encompasses the methods of detection of resistance and the ways to overcome this menace. The effectiveness of various organic and inorganic nanoparticles against helminthes is also discussed in this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:24:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3e8fd712fc5e4679a1b1ea1e67d5a2bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:24:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-3e8fd712fc5e4679a1b1ea1e67d5a2bb2023-11-18T17:52:42ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-07-01137135910.3390/agriculture13071359An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative?Laraibah Hamid0Abdulrhman Alsayari1Hidayatullah Tak2Suhail Ahmad Mir3Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad4Shadma Wahab5Ghulam Nabi Bader6Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Mushait, P.O. Box 4536, Abha 61412, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J&K, IndiaHelminth parasitic infections are a considerable constraint to the livestock industries worldwide. Nematode parasites cause the major proportion of harm to livestock. The infections caused are accountable for severe economic losses in cattle, goat and sheep farming industries. Morbidity and mortality in livestock due to parasitic diseases are increasing alarmingly. Also, their zoonotic influence on human health is considered significant. Anthelmintic drugs have been developed occasionally to curb this disease and prevent major losses. But the development of resistance against these drugs has put another constraint on this flourishing industry. Helminth parasites have developed resistance against three main classes of anthelmintics: benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones and nicotinic agonists. With the intensification of resistance, various screening and confirmatory tests have been developed for the speedy introduction of newer drugs in the livestock industry. At the same time, designing and launching novel anthelmintics is time-consuming and economically restrained. Phytochemicals attract much attention because of their pharmacotherapeutic potential, least toxic profile and low environmental hazards. A lot of work is going on plant-based anthelmintic drugs throughout the world. Plants possessing anthelmintic activity have been found efficacious against gastrointestinal parasites. Nevertheless, these herbal medicines have various drawbacks, which include poor efficacy and the absence of target selectivity. These problems are now being taken care of with the help of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles improve the drug’s effectiveness, enhance drug delivery, and target selectivity at specific sites. A comprehensive literature survey was carried out via electronic searches of Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; articles were selected for this review. The review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of plant-based nanoparticles as therapeutic alternatives over conventional synthetic anthelmintic drugs. It also encompasses the methods of detection of resistance and the ways to overcome this menace. The effectiveness of various organic and inorganic nanoparticles against helminthes is also discussed in this review.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/7/1359nematode parasiteslivestockzoonosisanthelmintic resistancephytochemicalsnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Laraibah Hamid Abdulrhman Alsayari Hidayatullah Tak Suhail Ahmad Mir Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad Shadma Wahab Ghulam Nabi Bader An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? Agriculture nematode parasites livestock zoonosis anthelmintic resistance phytochemicals nanoparticles |
| title | An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? |
| title_full | An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? |
| title_fullStr | An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? |
| title_short | An Insight into the Global Problem of Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections amongst Livestock: Does Nanotechnology Provide an Alternative? |
| title_sort | insight into the global problem of gastrointestinal helminth infections amongst livestock does nanotechnology provide an alternative |
| topic | nematode parasites livestock zoonosis anthelmintic resistance phytochemicals nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/7/1359 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laraibahhamid aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT abdulrhmanalsayari aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT hidayatullahtak aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT suhailahmadmir aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT mohammadaliabdullahalmoyad aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT shadmawahab aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT ghulamnabibader aninsightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT laraibahhamid insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT abdulrhmanalsayari insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT hidayatullahtak insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT suhailahmadmir insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT mohammadaliabdullahalmoyad insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT shadmawahab insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative AT ghulamnabibader insightintotheglobalproblemofgastrointestinalhelminthinfectionsamongstlivestockdoesnanotechnologyprovideanalternative |