Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study
Yin Zheng,1 Wu-Qing Ouyang,1 Yun-Peng Wei,1 Shahid Faraz Syed,2,3 Chao-Shuang Hao,1 Bo-Zhen Wang,4 Yan-Hong Shang1,5 1Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F Univers...
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Dove Medical Press
2016-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-carbopolreg-934--proportion-on-nanoemulsion-gel-for-topical-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
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| author | Zheng Y Ouyang WQ Wei YP Syed SF Hao CS Wang BZ Shang YH |
| author_facet | Zheng Y Ouyang WQ Wei YP Syed SF Hao CS Wang BZ Shang YH |
| author_sort | Zheng Y |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yin Zheng,1 Wu-Qing Ouyang,1 Yun-Peng Wei,1 Shahid Faraz Syed,2,3 Chao-Shuang Hao,1 Bo-Zhen Wang,4 Yan-Hong Shang1,5 1Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi; 3Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Baluchistan, Pakistan; 4College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 5College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Abstract: Nanoemulsions (NEs) are used as transdermal drug delivery systems for systematic therapeutic purposes. We hypothesized that the skin permeation profile of an NE could be modulated by incorporating it into a hydrogel containing differing proportions of thickening agent. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the stability and skin irritability of NE gels (NGs) containing 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) Carbopol® 934 (CP934) (termed NG1, NG2, and NG3, respectively); 2) to compare the skin permeation profiles and drug deposition patterns of the NGs; and 3) to visualize the drug delivery routes of the NGs. Terbinafine and citral were incorporated into the NGs as model drugs. Ex vivo skin permeation tests indicated that the percutaneous flux rates of terbinafine decreased in the order NE (215 µg/cm2) > NG1 (213 µg/cm2) > NG2 (123 µg/cm2) > NG3 (74.3 µg/cm2). The flux rates of citral decreased in the order NE (1,026 µg/cm2) > NG1 (1,021 µg/cm2) > NG2 (541 µg/cm2) > NG3 (353 µg/cm2). The NGs accumulated greater amounts of the drugs in the stratum corneum and less in the epidermis/dermis than did the NE (P<0.05) over a period of 12 h. Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that the NGs altered the main drug delivery routes from skin appendages to intercellular paths. Histological images suggested that perturbations to the skin structure, specifically the size of the epidermal intercellular spaces and the separation distance of dermal collagen bundles, could be significantly minimized by increasing the proportion of CP934. These results suggest that adjustments of the CP934 proportions can be used to modulate the skin permeation profiles of NGs for specific therapeutic purposes. Keywords: nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion gel, Carbopol 934 proportion, topical drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:25:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ea0723763b94bb0ba6d9c15550a07b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:25:02Z |
| publishDate | 2016-11-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Nanomedicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ea0723763b94bb0ba6d9c15550a07b82022-12-21T20:08:47ZengDove Medical PressInternational Journal of Nanomedicine1178-20132016-11-01Volume 115971598729947Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation studyZheng YOuyang WQWei YPSyed SFHao CSWang BZShang YHYin Zheng,1 Wu-Qing Ouyang,1 Yun-Peng Wei,1 Shahid Faraz Syed,2,3 Chao-Shuang Hao,1 Bo-Zhen Wang,4 Yan-Hong Shang1,5 1Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi; 3Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Baluchistan, Pakistan; 4College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 5College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China Abstract: Nanoemulsions (NEs) are used as transdermal drug delivery systems for systematic therapeutic purposes. We hypothesized that the skin permeation profile of an NE could be modulated by incorporating it into a hydrogel containing differing proportions of thickening agent. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the stability and skin irritability of NE gels (NGs) containing 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) Carbopol® 934 (CP934) (termed NG1, NG2, and NG3, respectively); 2) to compare the skin permeation profiles and drug deposition patterns of the NGs; and 3) to visualize the drug delivery routes of the NGs. Terbinafine and citral were incorporated into the NGs as model drugs. Ex vivo skin permeation tests indicated that the percutaneous flux rates of terbinafine decreased in the order NE (215 µg/cm2) > NG1 (213 µg/cm2) > NG2 (123 µg/cm2) > NG3 (74.3 µg/cm2). The flux rates of citral decreased in the order NE (1,026 µg/cm2) > NG1 (1,021 µg/cm2) > NG2 (541 µg/cm2) > NG3 (353 µg/cm2). The NGs accumulated greater amounts of the drugs in the stratum corneum and less in the epidermis/dermis than did the NE (P<0.05) over a period of 12 h. Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that the NGs altered the main drug delivery routes from skin appendages to intercellular paths. Histological images suggested that perturbations to the skin structure, specifically the size of the epidermal intercellular spaces and the separation distance of dermal collagen bundles, could be significantly minimized by increasing the proportion of CP934. These results suggest that adjustments of the CP934 proportions can be used to modulate the skin permeation profiles of NGs for specific therapeutic purposes. Keywords: nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion gel, Carbopol 934 proportion, topical drug delivery, transdermal drug deliveryhttps://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-carbopolreg-934--proportion-on-nanoemulsion-gel-for-topical-peer-reviewed-article-IJNnanoemulsionnanoemulsion gelcarbopol-934 proportiontopical drug deliverytransdermal drug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Y Ouyang WQ Wei YP Syed SF Hao CS Wang BZ Shang YH Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study International Journal of Nanomedicine nanoemulsion nanoemulsion gel carbopol-934 proportion topical drug delivery transdermal drug delivery |
| title | Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study |
| title_full | Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study |
| title_short | Effects of Carbopol® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study |
| title_sort | effects of carbopol reg 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery a skin permeation study |
| topic | nanoemulsion nanoemulsion gel carbopol-934 proportion topical drug delivery transdermal drug delivery |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/effects-of-carbopolreg-934--proportion-on-nanoemulsion-gel-for-topical-peer-reviewed-article-IJN |
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