Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
Abstract Background The use of urban lowlands for agriculture contributes to the food security of city- dwellers, but promotes malaria transmission. The objective of the study was to characterize the entomological drivers of malaria transmission in two lowlands (N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani) in the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04457-x |
| _version_ | 1811171810093301760 |
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| author | Milossé M. C. Dahoui Kouassi A. Adou Baba Coulibaly Koffi L. Niamien Aboubacar Koné Sylvie Cornelie Dounin D. Zoh Konan F. Assouho Nicolas Moiroux Akré M. Adja Florence Fournet |
| author_facet | Milossé M. C. Dahoui Kouassi A. Adou Baba Coulibaly Koffi L. Niamien Aboubacar Koné Sylvie Cornelie Dounin D. Zoh Konan F. Assouho Nicolas Moiroux Akré M. Adja Florence Fournet |
| author_sort | Milossé M. C. Dahoui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The use of urban lowlands for agriculture contributes to the food security of city- dwellers, but promotes malaria transmission. The objective of the study was to characterize the entomological drivers of malaria transmission in two lowlands (N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani) in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods The human landing catch technique was used to capture mosquitoes in houses located at the edge of two lowlands in Bouaké from February to December 2019. Cultivated surfaces were calculated monthly in both lowlands for each crop type (rice and market gardening) using images acquired by a drone. The different mosquito species were identified morphologically and by PCR analysis for the Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles infection by Plasmodium parasites was assessed by quantitative PCR. Mosquito diversity, biting behaviour and rhythmicity, and malaria transmission were determined in each lowland and compared. Results Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was predominant in N’Gattakro and Culex quinquefasciatus in Odiennekourani. Four Anopheles species were identified: An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in both lowlands, Anopheles pharoensis in N’Gattakro, and Anopheles ziemanni in Odiennekourani. Within the An. gambiae complex, three species were caught: An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis for the first time in Côte d’Ivoire (30.1%, 69.9% and 0% in N’Gattakro, and 45.1%, 52.6% and 2.4% in Odiennekourani, respectively). Anopheles gambiae s.l. species exhibited a significant exophagic behaviour in N’Gattakro (77.1% of outdoor bites versus 52.2% in Odiennekourani). In N’Gattakro, 12.6% of captures occurred before bedtime (09.00 pm) and after waking up (05.00 am), 15.1% in Odiennekourani. The mean human biting rate was higher in N’Gattakro than in Odiennekourani (61.6 versus 15.5 bites per person per night). Overall, Anopheles infection rate was 0.68%, with 0.539 and 0.029 infected bites per person per night in N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani, respectively. Conclusion The risk of malaria in urban agricultural lowland areas is uneven. The role of agricultural developments and irrigation patterns in the production of larval habitat should be explored. The exophagic behaviour of Anopheles vectors raises the question of the residual transmission that needs to be assessed to implement appropriate control strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:21:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3eab6b67257e47308b415e718e4735ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:21:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eab6b67257e47308b415e718e4735ac2023-02-05T12:05:21ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752023-01-0122111410.1186/s12936-023-04457-xEntomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’IvoireMilossé M. C. Dahoui0Kouassi A. Adou1Baba Coulibaly2Koffi L. Niamien3Aboubacar Koné4Sylvie Cornelie5Dounin D. Zoh6Konan F. Assouho7Nicolas Moiroux8Akré M. Adja9Florence Fournet10MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD)MIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD)Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueInstitut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueInstitut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueMIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD)Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueInstitut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueMIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD)Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé PubliqueMIVEGEC (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD)Abstract Background The use of urban lowlands for agriculture contributes to the food security of city- dwellers, but promotes malaria transmission. The objective of the study was to characterize the entomological drivers of malaria transmission in two lowlands (N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani) in the city of Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire. Methods The human landing catch technique was used to capture mosquitoes in houses located at the edge of two lowlands in Bouaké from February to December 2019. Cultivated surfaces were calculated monthly in both lowlands for each crop type (rice and market gardening) using images acquired by a drone. The different mosquito species were identified morphologically and by PCR analysis for the Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles infection by Plasmodium parasites was assessed by quantitative PCR. Mosquito diversity, biting behaviour and rhythmicity, and malaria transmission were determined in each lowland and compared. Results Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) was predominant in N’Gattakro and Culex quinquefasciatus in Odiennekourani. Four Anopheles species were identified: An. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus s.l. in both lowlands, Anopheles pharoensis in N’Gattakro, and Anopheles ziemanni in Odiennekourani. Within the An. gambiae complex, three species were caught: An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles coluzzii, and Anopheles arabiensis for the first time in Côte d’Ivoire (30.1%, 69.9% and 0% in N’Gattakro, and 45.1%, 52.6% and 2.4% in Odiennekourani, respectively). Anopheles gambiae s.l. species exhibited a significant exophagic behaviour in N’Gattakro (77.1% of outdoor bites versus 52.2% in Odiennekourani). In N’Gattakro, 12.6% of captures occurred before bedtime (09.00 pm) and after waking up (05.00 am), 15.1% in Odiennekourani. The mean human biting rate was higher in N’Gattakro than in Odiennekourani (61.6 versus 15.5 bites per person per night). Overall, Anopheles infection rate was 0.68%, with 0.539 and 0.029 infected bites per person per night in N’Gattakro and Odiennekourani, respectively. Conclusion The risk of malaria in urban agricultural lowland areas is uneven. The role of agricultural developments and irrigation patterns in the production of larval habitat should be explored. The exophagic behaviour of Anopheles vectors raises the question of the residual transmission that needs to be assessed to implement appropriate control strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04457-xUrban agricultureLowlandsAnophelesMalaria riskCôte d’Ivoire |
| spellingShingle | Milossé M. C. Dahoui Kouassi A. Adou Baba Coulibaly Koffi L. Niamien Aboubacar Koné Sylvie Cornelie Dounin D. Zoh Konan F. Assouho Nicolas Moiroux Akré M. Adja Florence Fournet Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire Malaria Journal Urban agriculture Lowlands Anopheles Malaria risk Côte d’Ivoire |
| title | Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full | Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_fullStr | Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_short | Entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire |
| title_sort | entomological drivers of uneven malaria transmission in urban lowland areas in bouake cote d ivoire |
| topic | Urban agriculture Lowlands Anopheles Malaria risk Côte d’Ivoire |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04457-x |
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