Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and the urban pest nuisance <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>are increasingly resistant to pyrethroids in many African countries. There is a need for new produ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2010-11-01
|
| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/340 |
| _version_ | 1818061056627441664 |
|---|---|
| author | Carnevale Pierre Hougard Jean-Marc Chandre Fabrice Duchon Stéphane Mosqueira Beatriz Mas-Coma Santiago |
| author_facet | Carnevale Pierre Hougard Jean-Marc Chandre Fabrice Duchon Stéphane Mosqueira Beatriz Mas-Coma Santiago |
| author_sort | Carnevale Pierre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and the urban pest nuisance <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>are increasingly resistant to pyrethroids in many African countries. There is a need for new products and strategies. Insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™, containing two organophosphates (OPs), chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and insect growth regulator (IGR), pyriproxyfen, was tested under laboratory conditions for 12 months following WHOPES Phase I procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mosquitoes used were laboratory strains of <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>susceptible and resistant to OPs. The paint was applied at two different doses (1 kg/6 m<sup>2 </sup>and 1 kg/12 m<sup>2</sup>) on different commonly used surfaces: porous (cement and stucco) and non-porous (softwood and hard plastic). Insecticide efficacy was studied in terms of delayed mortality using 30-minute WHO bioassay cones. IGR efficacy on fecundity, fertility and larval development was studied on OP-resistant females exposed for 30 minutes to cement treated and control surfaces.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After treatment, delayed mortality was high (87-100%) even against OP-resistant females on all surfaces except cement treated at 1 kg/12 m<sup>2</sup>. Remarkably, one year after treatment delayed mortality was 93-100% against OP-resistant females on non-porous surfaces at both doses. On cement, death rates were low 12 months after treatment regardless of the dose and the resistance status. Fecundity, fertility and adult emergence were reduced after treatment even at the lower dose (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>). A reduction in fecundity was still observed nine months after treatment at both doses (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>) and adult emergence was reduced at the higher dose (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>High mortality rates were observed against laboratory strains of the pest mosquito <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>susceptible and resistant to insecticides. Long-term killing remained equally important on non-porous surfaces regardless the resistance status for over 12 months. The paint's effect on fecundity, fertility and adult emergence may continue to provide an additional angle of attack in reducing overall population densities when the lethal effect of OPs diminishes over time. Some options on how to deal with porous materials are given. Implications in vector control are discussed.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:42:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3eaea94bfa484ddd82f9dbc078095881 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:42:15Z |
| publishDate | 2010-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eaea94bfa484ddd82f9dbc0780958812022-12-22T01:46:37ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752010-11-019134010.1186/1475-2875-9-340Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluationCarnevale PierreHougard Jean-MarcChandre FabriceDuchon StéphaneMosqueira BeatrizMas-Coma Santiago<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The main malaria vector <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and the urban pest nuisance <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>are increasingly resistant to pyrethroids in many African countries. There is a need for new products and strategies. Insecticide paint Inesfly 5A IGR™, containing two organophosphates (OPs), chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and insect growth regulator (IGR), pyriproxyfen, was tested under laboratory conditions for 12 months following WHOPES Phase I procedures.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Mosquitoes used were laboratory strains of <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>susceptible and resistant to OPs. The paint was applied at two different doses (1 kg/6 m<sup>2 </sup>and 1 kg/12 m<sup>2</sup>) on different commonly used surfaces: porous (cement and stucco) and non-porous (softwood and hard plastic). Insecticide efficacy was studied in terms of delayed mortality using 30-minute WHO bioassay cones. IGR efficacy on fecundity, fertility and larval development was studied on OP-resistant females exposed for 30 minutes to cement treated and control surfaces.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After treatment, delayed mortality was high (87-100%) even against OP-resistant females on all surfaces except cement treated at 1 kg/12 m<sup>2</sup>. Remarkably, one year after treatment delayed mortality was 93-100% against OP-resistant females on non-porous surfaces at both doses. On cement, death rates were low 12 months after treatment regardless of the dose and the resistance status. Fecundity, fertility and adult emergence were reduced after treatment even at the lower dose (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>). A reduction in fecundity was still observed nine months after treatment at both doses (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>) and adult emergence was reduced at the higher dose (p < 10<sup><sup>-3</sup></sup>).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>High mortality rates were observed against laboratory strains of the pest mosquito <it>Cx. quinquefasciatus </it>susceptible and resistant to insecticides. Long-term killing remained equally important on non-porous surfaces regardless the resistance status for over 12 months. The paint's effect on fecundity, fertility and adult emergence may continue to provide an additional angle of attack in reducing overall population densities when the lethal effect of OPs diminishes over time. Some options on how to deal with porous materials are given. Implications in vector control are discussed.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/340 |
| spellingShingle | Carnevale Pierre Hougard Jean-Marc Chandre Fabrice Duchon Stéphane Mosqueira Beatriz Mas-Coma Santiago Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation Malaria Journal |
| title | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation |
| title_full | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation |
| title_short | Efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitoes - Part 1: Laboratory evaluation |
| title_sort | efficacy of an insecticide paint against insecticide susceptible and resistant mosquitoes part 1 laboratory evaluation |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/340 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carnevalepierre efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation AT hougardjeanmarc efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation AT chandrefabrice efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation AT duchonstephane efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation AT mosqueirabeatriz efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation AT mascomasantiago efficacyofaninsecticidepaintagainstinsecticidesusceptibleandresistantmosquitoespart1laboratoryevaluation |