Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities
Plants’ response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further inv...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/830 |
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| author | Rong Zhou Benita Hyldgaard Lamis Abdelhakim Thayna Mendanha Steven Driever Davide Cammarano Eva Rosenqvist Carl-Otto Ottosen |
| author_facet | Rong Zhou Benita Hyldgaard Lamis Abdelhakim Thayna Mendanha Steven Driever Davide Cammarano Eva Rosenqvist Carl-Otto Ottosen |
| author_sort | Rong Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants’ response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further investigation. Here, treatments of three important growth factors, namely water regime, temperature, and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]), were applied to compare the response of two wheat genotypes with different heat sensitivities. The temperature response curves showed that both genotypes showed more variations at elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] (e[CO<sub>2</sub>]) than ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>] (a[CO<sub>2</sub>]) when the plants were treated under different water regimes and temperatures. This corresponded to the results of water use efficiency at the leaf level. At e[CO<sub>2</sub>], heat-tolerant ‘Gladius’ showed a higher net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>n</sub>), while heat-susceptible ‘Paragon’ had a lower P<sub>n</sub> at reduced water, as compared with full water availability. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis in wheat was increased when the growth temperature was high, while the leaf carbon/nitrogen was increased via a reduced water regime. Generally, water regime, temperature and [CO<sub>2</sub>] have significant interactive effects on both wheat genotypes. Two wheat genotypes showed different physiological responses to different combinations of environmental factors. Our investigation concerning the interactions of multi-environmental factors on wheat will benefit the future wheat climate-response study. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:53:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eb02f87e8d143948a9194a2ae85e5862024-03-27T14:00:47ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113683010.3390/plants13060830Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat SusceptibilitiesRong Zhou0Benita Hyldgaard1Lamis Abdelhakim2Thayna Mendanha3Steven Driever4Davide Cammarano5Eva Rosenqvist6Carl-Otto Ottosen7College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, DenmarkCentre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 48, 6708 PE Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Agroecology, iClimate, CBIO, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, DenmarkDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630 Taastrup, DenmarkDepartment of Food Science, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, DenmarkPlants’ response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further investigation. Here, treatments of three important growth factors, namely water regime, temperature, and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]), were applied to compare the response of two wheat genotypes with different heat sensitivities. The temperature response curves showed that both genotypes showed more variations at elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] (e[CO<sub>2</sub>]) than ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>] (a[CO<sub>2</sub>]) when the plants were treated under different water regimes and temperatures. This corresponded to the results of water use efficiency at the leaf level. At e[CO<sub>2</sub>], heat-tolerant ‘Gladius’ showed a higher net photosynthetic rate (P<sub>n</sub>), while heat-susceptible ‘Paragon’ had a lower P<sub>n</sub> at reduced water, as compared with full water availability. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis in wheat was increased when the growth temperature was high, while the leaf carbon/nitrogen was increased via a reduced water regime. Generally, water regime, temperature and [CO<sub>2</sub>] have significant interactive effects on both wheat genotypes. Two wheat genotypes showed different physiological responses to different combinations of environmental factors. Our investigation concerning the interactions of multi-environmental factors on wheat will benefit the future wheat climate-response study.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/830wheatphysiological responseelevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentrationreduced wateringincreased temperature |
| spellingShingle | Rong Zhou Benita Hyldgaard Lamis Abdelhakim Thayna Mendanha Steven Driever Davide Cammarano Eva Rosenqvist Carl-Otto Ottosen Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities Plants wheat physiological response elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration reduced watering increased temperature |
| title | Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities |
| title_full | Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities |
| title_fullStr | Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities |
| title_short | Interactive Effects of Temperature, Water Regime, and [CO<sub>2</sub>] on Wheats with Different Heat Susceptibilities |
| title_sort | interactive effects of temperature water regime and co sub 2 sub on wheats with different heat susceptibilities |
| topic | wheat physiological response elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration reduced watering increased temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/830 |
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