Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline
In the last decade, much attention has been devoted to the effects of nutrient-related signals on brain development and cognitive functions. A turning point was the discovery that brain areas other than the hypothalamus expressed receptors for hormones related to metabolism. In particular, insulin s...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00788/full |
| _version_ | 1818200977932550144 |
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| author | Matteo Spinelli Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Claudio Grassi |
| author_facet | Matteo Spinelli Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Claudio Grassi |
| author_sort | Matteo Spinelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last decade, much attention has been devoted to the effects of nutrient-related signals on brain development and cognitive functions. A turning point was the discovery that brain areas other than the hypothalamus expressed receptors for hormones related to metabolism. In particular, insulin signaling has been demonstrated to impact on molecular cascades underlying hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. Here, we summarize the molecular evidence linking alteration of hippocampal insulin sensitivity with changes of both adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. We also review the epidemiological studies and experimental models emphasizing the critical role of brain insulin resistance at the crossroad between metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Finally, we brief novel findings suggesting how biomarkers of brain insulin resistance, involving the study of brain-derived extracellular vesicles and brain glucose metabolism, may predict the onset and/or the progression of cognitive decline. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:46:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3eb310c2b6564ad5b621dfbd2b42a091 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T02:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eb310c2b6564ad5b621dfbd2b42a0912022-12-22T00:41:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2019-07-011310.3389/fnins.2019.00788469184Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive DeclineMatteo Spinelli0Salvatore Fusco1Claudio Grassi2Claudio Grassi3Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyInstitute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyIn the last decade, much attention has been devoted to the effects of nutrient-related signals on brain development and cognitive functions. A turning point was the discovery that brain areas other than the hypothalamus expressed receptors for hormones related to metabolism. In particular, insulin signaling has been demonstrated to impact on molecular cascades underlying hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. Here, we summarize the molecular evidence linking alteration of hippocampal insulin sensitivity with changes of both adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. We also review the epidemiological studies and experimental models emphasizing the critical role of brain insulin resistance at the crossroad between metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. Finally, we brief novel findings suggesting how biomarkers of brain insulin resistance, involving the study of brain-derived extracellular vesicles and brain glucose metabolism, may predict the onset and/or the progression of cognitive decline.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00788/fullbrain insulin resistancehippocampusAlzheimer’s diseasesynaptic plasticityadult neurogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Matteo Spinelli Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Claudio Grassi Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Frontiers in Neuroscience brain insulin resistance hippocampus Alzheimer’s disease synaptic plasticity adult neurogenesis |
| title | Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline |
| title_full | Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline |
| title_fullStr | Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline |
| title_short | Brain Insulin Resistance and Hippocampal Plasticity: Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline |
| title_sort | brain insulin resistance and hippocampal plasticity mechanisms and biomarkers of cognitive decline |
| topic | brain insulin resistance hippocampus Alzheimer’s disease synaptic plasticity adult neurogenesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.00788/full |
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