Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer
Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), also referred to as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), has been a trending topic in recent years due to its potential role as a specific marker in breast cancer. PIP binds to aquaporin-5 (AQP5), CD4, actin, fibrinogen, β-tubulin, serum albumin, hydro...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Natalia Sauer Igor Matkowski Grażyna Bodalska Marek Murawski Piotr Dzięgiel Jacek Calik |
| author_facet | Natalia Sauer Igor Matkowski Grażyna Bodalska Marek Murawski Piotr Dzięgiel Jacek Calik |
| author_sort | Natalia Sauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prolactin-inducible protein (PIP), also referred to as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), has been a trending topic in recent years due to its potential role as a specific marker in breast cancer. PIP binds to aquaporin-5 (AQP5), CD4, actin, fibrinogen, β-tubulin, serum albumin, hydroxyapatite, zinc α2-glycoprotein, and the Fc fragment of IgGs, and the expression of PIP has been demonstrated to be modulated by various cytokines, including IL4/13, IL1, and IL6. PIP gene expression has been extensively studied due to its captivating nature. It is influenced by various factors, with androgens, progesterone, glucocorticosteroids, prolactin, and growth hormone enhancing its expression while estrogens suppress it. The regulatory mechanisms involve important proteins such as STAT5A, STAT5B, Runx2, and androgen receptor, which collaborate to enhance PIP gene transcription and protein production. The expression level of PIP in breast cancer is dependent on the tumor stage and subtype. Higher expression is observed in early-stage tumors of the luminal A subtype, while lower expression is associated with luminal B, basal-like, and triple-negative subtypes, which have a poorer prognosis. PIP expression is also correlated with apocrine differentiation, hormone receptor positivity, and longer metastasis-free survival. PIP plays a role in supporting the immune system’s antitumor response during the early stages of breast cancer development. However, as cancer progresses, the protective role of PIP may become less effective or diminished. In this work, we summarized the clinical significance of the PIP molecule in breast cancer and its potential role as a new candidate for cell-based therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:07Z |
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| id | doaj.art-3ebb4f42b02548aeb1456c405b974fbb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:56:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ebb4f42b02548aeb1456c405b974fbb2023-11-19T09:59:24ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-09-011218225210.3390/cells12182252Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast CancerNatalia Sauer0Igor Matkowski1Grażyna Bodalska2Marek Murawski3Piotr Dzięgiel4Jacek Calik5Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandJan Mikulicz-Radecki University Teaching Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland1st Department and Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDivision of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, PolandOld Town Clinic, 50-127 Wroclaw, PolandProlactin-inducible protein (PIP), also referred to as gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), has been a trending topic in recent years due to its potential role as a specific marker in breast cancer. PIP binds to aquaporin-5 (AQP5), CD4, actin, fibrinogen, β-tubulin, serum albumin, hydroxyapatite, zinc α2-glycoprotein, and the Fc fragment of IgGs, and the expression of PIP has been demonstrated to be modulated by various cytokines, including IL4/13, IL1, and IL6. PIP gene expression has been extensively studied due to its captivating nature. It is influenced by various factors, with androgens, progesterone, glucocorticosteroids, prolactin, and growth hormone enhancing its expression while estrogens suppress it. The regulatory mechanisms involve important proteins such as STAT5A, STAT5B, Runx2, and androgen receptor, which collaborate to enhance PIP gene transcription and protein production. The expression level of PIP in breast cancer is dependent on the tumor stage and subtype. Higher expression is observed in early-stage tumors of the luminal A subtype, while lower expression is associated with luminal B, basal-like, and triple-negative subtypes, which have a poorer prognosis. PIP expression is also correlated with apocrine differentiation, hormone receptor positivity, and longer metastasis-free survival. PIP plays a role in supporting the immune system’s antitumor response during the early stages of breast cancer development. However, as cancer progresses, the protective role of PIP may become less effective or diminished. In this work, we summarized the clinical significance of the PIP molecule in breast cancer and its potential role as a new candidate for cell-based therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/18/2252breast cancerprolactin-inducible protein (PIP)gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) |
| spellingShingle | Natalia Sauer Igor Matkowski Grażyna Bodalska Marek Murawski Piotr Dzięgiel Jacek Calik Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer Cells breast cancer prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) |
| title | Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer |
| title_full | Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer |
| title_short | Prognostic Role of Prolactin-Induced Protein (PIP) in Breast Cancer |
| title_sort | prognostic role of prolactin induced protein pip in breast cancer |
| topic | breast cancer prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/18/2252 |
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