Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines
Currently, there is an unmet need to manufacture nanomedicines in a continuous and controlled manner. Three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic chips are an alternative to conventional PDMS chips as they can be easily designed and manufactured to allow for customized designs that are able to repro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2134 |
| _version_ | 1827670239987367936 |
|---|---|
| author | Aytug Kara Athina Vassiliadou Baris Ongoren William Keeble Richard Hing Aikaterini Lalatsa Dolores R. Serrano |
| author_facet | Aytug Kara Athina Vassiliadou Baris Ongoren William Keeble Richard Hing Aikaterini Lalatsa Dolores R. Serrano |
| author_sort | Aytug Kara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, there is an unmet need to manufacture nanomedicines in a continuous and controlled manner. Three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic chips are an alternative to conventional PDMS chips as they can be easily designed and manufactured to allow for customized designs that are able to reproducibly manufacture nanomedicines at an affordable cost. The manufacturing of microfluidic chips using existing 3D printing technologies remains very challenging because of the intricate geometry of the channels. Here, we demonstrate the manufacture and characterization of nifedipine (NFD) polymeric nanoparticles based on Eudragit L-100 using 3D printed microfluidic chips with 1 mm diameter channels produced with two 3D printing techniques that are widely available, stereolithography (SLA) and fuse deposition modeling (FDM). Fabricated polymeric nanoparticles showed good encapsulation efficiencies and particle sizes in the range of 50–100 nm. SLA chips possessed better channel resolution and smoother channel surfaces, leading to smaller particle sizes similar to those obtained by conventional manufacturing methods based on solvent evaporation, while SLA manufactured nanoparticles showed a minimal burst effect in acid media compared to nanoparticles fabricated with FDM chips. Three-dimensional printed microfluidic chips are a novel and easily amenable cost-effective strategy to allow for customization of the design process for continuous manufacture of nanomedicines under controlled conditions, enabling easy scale-up and reducing nanomedicine development times, while maintaining high-quality standards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ebc6ee4aace4b108c8ad2396589049c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:19:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ebc6ee4aace4b108c8ad2396589049c2023-11-23T10:06:22ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232021-12-011312213410.3390/pharmaceutics13122134Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of NanomedicinesAytug Kara0Athina Vassiliadou1Baris Ongoren2William Keeble3Richard Hing4Aikaterini Lalatsa5Dolores R. Serrano6Pharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainBiomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UKPharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainSchool of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UKElectron Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, School of the Environment, Geography and Geoscience, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UKBiomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicine (BioN) Lab, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UKPharmaceutics and Food Technology Department, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainCurrently, there is an unmet need to manufacture nanomedicines in a continuous and controlled manner. Three-dimensional (3D) printed microfluidic chips are an alternative to conventional PDMS chips as they can be easily designed and manufactured to allow for customized designs that are able to reproducibly manufacture nanomedicines at an affordable cost. The manufacturing of microfluidic chips using existing 3D printing technologies remains very challenging because of the intricate geometry of the channels. Here, we demonstrate the manufacture and characterization of nifedipine (NFD) polymeric nanoparticles based on Eudragit L-100 using 3D printed microfluidic chips with 1 mm diameter channels produced with two 3D printing techniques that are widely available, stereolithography (SLA) and fuse deposition modeling (FDM). Fabricated polymeric nanoparticles showed good encapsulation efficiencies and particle sizes in the range of 50–100 nm. SLA chips possessed better channel resolution and smoother channel surfaces, leading to smaller particle sizes similar to those obtained by conventional manufacturing methods based on solvent evaporation, while SLA manufactured nanoparticles showed a minimal burst effect in acid media compared to nanoparticles fabricated with FDM chips. Three-dimensional printed microfluidic chips are a novel and easily amenable cost-effective strategy to allow for customization of the design process for continuous manufacture of nanomedicines under controlled conditions, enabling easy scale-up and reducing nanomedicine development times, while maintaining high-quality standards.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2134microfluidics3D printingnanomedicinesnifedipineSLAFDM |
| spellingShingle | Aytug Kara Athina Vassiliadou Baris Ongoren William Keeble Richard Hing Aikaterini Lalatsa Dolores R. Serrano Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines Pharmaceutics microfluidics 3D printing nanomedicines nifedipine SLA FDM |
| title | Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines |
| title_full | Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines |
| title_fullStr | Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines |
| title_short | Engineering 3D Printed Microfluidic Chips for the Fabrication of Nanomedicines |
| title_sort | engineering 3d printed microfluidic chips for the fabrication of nanomedicines |
| topic | microfluidics 3D printing nanomedicines nifedipine SLA FDM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/12/2134 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aytugkara engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT athinavassiliadou engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT barisongoren engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT williamkeeble engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT richardhing engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT aikaterinilalatsa engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines AT doloresrserrano engineering3dprintedmicrofluidicchipsforthefabricationofnanomedicines |