Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services
The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. The value of each service provided by the ecosystem is substantially affected by human activities, and conversely, its changes will also affect the relevant human decisions. Due to varying t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266649842400005X |
| _version_ | 1827105218102296576 |
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| author | Jinnan Wang Wenjun Wu Meng Yang Yueming Gao Jiacheng Shao Weishan Yang Guoxia Ma Fang Yu Nan Yao Hongqiang Jiang |
| author_facet | Jinnan Wang Wenjun Wu Meng Yang Yueming Gao Jiacheng Shao Weishan Yang Guoxia Ma Fang Yu Nan Yao Hongqiang Jiang |
| author_sort | Jinnan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. The value of each service provided by the ecosystem is substantially affected by human activities, and conversely, its changes will also affect the relevant human decisions. Due to varying trade-offs among ecosystem services and synergies between them that can either increase or decrease, it is difficult to optimize multiple ecosystem services simultaneously, making it a huge challenge for ecosystem management. This study firstly develops a global Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting framework. It uses remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of 1 km to estimate the ecosystem services of forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, and farmlands in 179 major countries in 2018. The results show that the range of global GEP values is USD 112–197 trillion, with an average value of USD 155 trillion (the constant price), and the ratio of GEP to gross domestic product (GDP) is 1.85. The trade-offs and the synergies among different ecosystem services in each continent and income group have been further explored. We found a correspondence between the income levels and the synergy among ecosystem services within each nation. Among specific ecosystem services, there are strong synergies between oxygen release, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration services. A trade-off relationship has been observed between flood regulation and other services, such as water conservation and soil retention services in low-income countries. The results will help clarify the roles and the feedback mechanisms between different stakeholders and provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecosystem management and implementing ecological compensation schemes to enhance human well-being. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T06:53:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ed7ff2a339e4da5817d8525718ce240 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-4984 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-20T09:35:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ed7ff2a339e4da5817d8525718ce2402024-09-25T05:05:16ZengElsevierEnvironmental Science and Ecotechnology2666-49842024-09-0121100391Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem servicesJinnan Wang0Wenjun Wu1Meng Yang2Yueming Gao3Jiacheng Shao4Weishan Yang5Guoxia Ma6Fang Yu7Nan Yao8Hongqiang Jiang9State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Innovation Center for Eco-environment-Oriented Development, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; Corresponding author. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, ChinaCollege of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, ChinaThe Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, ChinaThe Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, ChinaThe Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, ChinaCollege of Economics & Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Center for Eco-Environmental Accounting, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; The Innovation Center for Eco-environment-Oriented Development, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China; Corresponding author. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100041, China.The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. The value of each service provided by the ecosystem is substantially affected by human activities, and conversely, its changes will also affect the relevant human decisions. Due to varying trade-offs among ecosystem services and synergies between them that can either increase or decrease, it is difficult to optimize multiple ecosystem services simultaneously, making it a huge challenge for ecosystem management. This study firstly develops a global Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting framework. It uses remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of 1 km to estimate the ecosystem services of forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, and farmlands in 179 major countries in 2018. The results show that the range of global GEP values is USD 112–197 trillion, with an average value of USD 155 trillion (the constant price), and the ratio of GEP to gross domestic product (GDP) is 1.85. The trade-offs and the synergies among different ecosystem services in each continent and income group have been further explored. We found a correspondence between the income levels and the synergy among ecosystem services within each nation. Among specific ecosystem services, there are strong synergies between oxygen release, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration services. A trade-off relationship has been observed between flood regulation and other services, such as water conservation and soil retention services in low-income countries. The results will help clarify the roles and the feedback mechanisms between different stakeholders and provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecosystem management and implementing ecological compensation schemes to enhance human well-being.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266649842400005XEcosystem servicesBiophysical quantityMonetary valueTrade-offSynergy |
| spellingShingle | Jinnan Wang Wenjun Wu Meng Yang Yueming Gao Jiacheng Shao Weishan Yang Guoxia Ma Fang Yu Nan Yao Hongqiang Jiang Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Ecosystem services Biophysical quantity Monetary value Trade-off Synergy |
| title | Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| title_full | Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| title_short | Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| title_sort | exploring the complex trade offs and synergies of global ecosystem services |
| topic | Ecosystem services Biophysical quantity Monetary value Trade-off Synergy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266649842400005X |
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