Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method
A titanium (Ti) commercial cathode material and high purity Ar and O<sub>2</sub> were used in the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (arc-PVD) process. The TiO<sub>x</sub> coating was deposited on the three sets of Raschig rings using decreasing ratios of Ar/O<sub>2...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Inorganics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/10/10/148 |
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| author | Alma Yunuen Raya-Tapia Francisco Ung-Medina Guillermo César Mondragón-Rodríguez Eric Mauricio Rivera-Muñoz José Apolinar-Cortés Franklin J. Méndez Rafael Huirache-Acuña |
| author_facet | Alma Yunuen Raya-Tapia Francisco Ung-Medina Guillermo César Mondragón-Rodríguez Eric Mauricio Rivera-Muñoz José Apolinar-Cortés Franklin J. Méndez Rafael Huirache-Acuña |
| author_sort | Alma Yunuen Raya-Tapia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A titanium (Ti) commercial cathode material and high purity Ar and O<sub>2</sub> were used in the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (arc-PVD) process. The TiO<sub>x</sub> coating was deposited on the three sets of Raschig rings using decreasing ratios of Ar/O<sub>2</sub>:440/60, 400/100 and 300/100. The cross sections of the TiO<sub>x</sub> PVD coating were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A homogeneous layer of Ti with small O content was observed, and the data suggest that a thin TiO<sub>x</sub> oxide film was deposited. For this reason, a thermal treatment was applied to the coating to oxidize it and form the rutile phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> in the coating, which was demonstrated by grazing incidence XRD. In addition, the TiO<sub>x</sub> coatings absorb radiation, which was observed by diffuse reflectance band gap energy measurement. Silver (Ag) was added by the photo-reduction method, using UVC light to activate the TiO<sub>2</sub> coating, and the band gap energy was analyzed by diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activities of the films were evaluated by degradation of the model dye rhodamine B and in the removal of fecal coliforms using two matrices, water from a secondary treatment effluent, and synthetic water. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:41Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6740 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Inorganics |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ed89cb4f93548c2b4b8898bf907307d2023-11-24T00:36:47ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402022-09-01101014810.3390/inorganics10100148Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction MethodAlma Yunuen Raya-Tapia0Francisco Ung-Medina1Guillermo César Mondragón-Rodríguez2Eric Mauricio Rivera-Muñoz3José Apolinar-Cortés4Franklin J. Méndez5Rafael Huirache-Acuña6Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58060, MexicoPotabilization Department, Water, Sewerage and Sanitation Operator Organization of Morelia, OOAPAS, OOAPAS, C. Manuel Carpio No.66, Morelia 58096, MexicoConacyt, Center for Engineering and Industrial Development, CIDESI, Av. Playa Pie de la Cuesta No. 702, Desarrollo San Pablo, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro 76125, MexicoCentro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Departamento de Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 1-1010, Santiago de Querétaro 76000, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58060, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, CICATA Morelos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard de la Tecnología 1036 Z-1 P 2/2, Atlacholoaya 62790, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia 58060, MexicoA titanium (Ti) commercial cathode material and high purity Ar and O<sub>2</sub> were used in the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (arc-PVD) process. The TiO<sub>x</sub> coating was deposited on the three sets of Raschig rings using decreasing ratios of Ar/O<sub>2</sub>:440/60, 400/100 and 300/100. The cross sections of the TiO<sub>x</sub> PVD coating were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A homogeneous layer of Ti with small O content was observed, and the data suggest that a thin TiO<sub>x</sub> oxide film was deposited. For this reason, a thermal treatment was applied to the coating to oxidize it and form the rutile phase of TiO<sub>2</sub> in the coating, which was demonstrated by grazing incidence XRD. In addition, the TiO<sub>x</sub> coatings absorb radiation, which was observed by diffuse reflectance band gap energy measurement. Silver (Ag) was added by the photo-reduction method, using UVC light to activate the TiO<sub>2</sub> coating, and the band gap energy was analyzed by diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activities of the films were evaluated by degradation of the model dye rhodamine B and in the removal of fecal coliforms using two matrices, water from a secondary treatment effluent, and synthetic water.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/10/10/148filmsphysical vapor depositionrhodamine Bdegradationphoto-catalysisfecal coliforms |
| spellingShingle | Alma Yunuen Raya-Tapia Francisco Ung-Medina Guillermo César Mondragón-Rodríguez Eric Mauricio Rivera-Muñoz José Apolinar-Cortés Franklin J. Méndez Rafael Huirache-Acuña Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method Inorganics films physical vapor deposition rhodamine B degradation photo-catalysis fecal coliforms |
| title | Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method |
| title_full | Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method |
| title_short | Photocatalytic Evaluation of TiO<sub>x</sub> Films Produced by Cathodic Arc-PVD with Silver Addition by UVC Photo-Reduction Method |
| title_sort | photocatalytic evaluation of tio sub x sub films produced by cathodic arc pvd with silver addition by uvc photo reduction method |
| topic | films physical vapor deposition rhodamine B degradation photo-catalysis fecal coliforms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/10/10/148 |
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