The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues
Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/16/12946 |
| _version_ | 1797584390393430016 |
|---|---|
| author | Van Giap Do Youngsuk Lee Jeong-Hee Kim Young-Soon Kwon Jong-Taek Park Sangjin Yang Juhyeon Park Nay Myo Win Seonae Kim |
| author_facet | Van Giap Do Youngsuk Lee Jeong-Hee Kim Young-Soon Kwon Jong-Taek Park Sangjin Yang Juhyeon Park Nay Myo Win Seonae Kim |
| author_sort | Van Giap Do |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the roles of light and genetic factors on fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit were investigated. Three genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, and <i>MdUFGT1</i>, were synthesized and cloned into a viral-based expression vector system for transient expression in ‘Ruby S’ apple fruits. Apple fruits were agroinfiltrated with expression vectors harboring <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, and <i>MdUFGT1</i>. Agroinfiltrated apple fruits were then either kept in the dark (bagged fruits) or exposed to light (exposed fruits). The agroinfiltrated fruits showed significantly different coloration patterns, transcript expression levels, and anthocyanin accumulation compared to the control fruits. Moreover, these parameters were higher in exposed fruits than in bagged fruits. For stable expression, <i>MdCHS</i> was introduced into a binary vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. The ectopic overexpression of <i>MdCHS</i> in transgenic rice calli showed a high accumulation of anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings suggest that light, together with the overexpression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, induced the coloration and accumulation of anthocyanin content in apple fruits by upregulating the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:51:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ed8b63c7fa4472eb37c7f198d91dc58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:51:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ed8b63c7fa4472eb37c7f198d91dc582023-11-19T01:32:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-08-0124161294610.3390/ijms241612946The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant TissuesVan Giap Do0Youngsuk Lee1Jeong-Hee Kim2Young-Soon Kwon3Jong-Taek Park4Sangjin Yang5Juhyeon Park6Nay Myo Win7Seonae Kim8Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaApple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of KoreaAnthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the roles of light and genetic factors on fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit were investigated. Three genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, and <i>MdUFGT1</i>, were synthesized and cloned into a viral-based expression vector system for transient expression in ‘Ruby S’ apple fruits. Apple fruits were agroinfiltrated with expression vectors harboring <i>MdCHS</i>, <i>MdANS</i>, and <i>MdUFGT1</i>. Agroinfiltrated apple fruits were then either kept in the dark (bagged fruits) or exposed to light (exposed fruits). The agroinfiltrated fruits showed significantly different coloration patterns, transcript expression levels, and anthocyanin accumulation compared to the control fruits. Moreover, these parameters were higher in exposed fruits than in bagged fruits. For stable expression, <i>MdCHS</i> was introduced into a binary vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. The ectopic overexpression of <i>MdCHS</i> in transgenic rice calli showed a high accumulation of anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings suggest that light, together with the overexpression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, induced the coloration and accumulation of anthocyanin content in apple fruits by upregulating the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/16/12946anthocyanin biosynthesis genesanthocyanin accumulationapple fruittransgenic rice callilight stimulustransient expression |
| spellingShingle | Van Giap Do Youngsuk Lee Jeong-Hee Kim Young-Soon Kwon Jong-Taek Park Sangjin Yang Juhyeon Park Nay Myo Win Seonae Kim The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues International Journal of Molecular Sciences anthocyanin biosynthesis genes anthocyanin accumulation apple fruit transgenic rice calli light stimulus transient expression |
| title | The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues |
| title_full | The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues |
| title_fullStr | The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues |
| title_short | The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues |
| title_sort | synergistic effects of environmental and genetic factors on the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in plant tissues |
| topic | anthocyanin biosynthesis genes anthocyanin accumulation apple fruit transgenic rice calli light stimulus transient expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/16/12946 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vangiapdo thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT youngsuklee thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT jeongheekim thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT youngsoonkwon thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT jongtaekpark thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT sangjinyang thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT juhyeonpark thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT naymyowin thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT seonaekim thesynergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT vangiapdo synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT youngsuklee synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT jeongheekim synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT youngsoonkwon synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT jongtaekpark synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT sangjinyang synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT juhyeonpark synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT naymyowin synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues AT seonaekim synergisticeffectsofenvironmentalandgeneticfactorsontheregulationofanthocyaninaccumulationinplanttissues |