Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans
Management of oral candidosis, most frequently caused by Candida albicans, is limited due to the relatively low number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of antifungal tolerance. In this study, the antifungal activity of a range of commercial essential oils, two terpenes, chlorhexidine and triclo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/7/1/15 |
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| author | Elisa Serra Lilia Araida Hidalgo-Bastida Joanna Verran David Williams Sladjana Malic |
| author_facet | Elisa Serra Lilia Araida Hidalgo-Bastida Joanna Verran David Williams Sladjana Malic |
| author_sort | Elisa Serra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Management of oral candidosis, most frequently caused by Candida albicans, is limited due to the relatively low number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of antifungal tolerance. In this study, the antifungal activity of a range of commercial essential oils, two terpenes, chlorhexidine and triclosan was evaluated against C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm form. In addition, cytotoxicity of the most promising compounds was assessed using murine fibroblasts and expressed as half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Antifungal activity was determined using a broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established against planktonic cells cultured in a range of concentrations of the test agents. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined by measuring re-growth of cells after pre-formed biofilm was treated for 24 h with the test agents. All tested commercial essential oils demonstrated anticandidal activity (MICs from 0.06% (v/v) to 0.4% (v/v)) against planktonic cultures, with a noticeable increase in resistance exhibited by biofilms (MBECs > 1.5% (v/v)). The IC50s of the commercial essential oils were lower than the MICs, while a one hour application of chlorhexidine was not cytotoxic at concentrations lower than the MIC. In conclusion, the tested commercial essential oils exhibit potential as therapeutic agents against C. albicans, although host cell cytotoxicity is a consideration when developing these new treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:47:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3eda2bd0d3dc4e449e1a9b6964d92536 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:47:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-3eda2bd0d3dc4e449e1a9b6964d925362022-12-22T03:58:43ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172018-01-01711510.3390/pathogens7010015pathogens7010015Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida AlbicansElisa Serra0Lilia Araida Hidalgo-Bastida1Joanna Verran2David Williams3Sladjana Malic4School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKSchool of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKSchool of Research, Enterprise and Innovation, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKSchool of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UKSchool of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UKManagement of oral candidosis, most frequently caused by Candida albicans, is limited due to the relatively low number of antifungal drugs and the emergence of antifungal tolerance. In this study, the antifungal activity of a range of commercial essential oils, two terpenes, chlorhexidine and triclosan was evaluated against C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm form. In addition, cytotoxicity of the most promising compounds was assessed using murine fibroblasts and expressed as half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Antifungal activity was determined using a broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established against planktonic cells cultured in a range of concentrations of the test agents. The minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was determined by measuring re-growth of cells after pre-formed biofilm was treated for 24 h with the test agents. All tested commercial essential oils demonstrated anticandidal activity (MICs from 0.06% (v/v) to 0.4% (v/v)) against planktonic cultures, with a noticeable increase in resistance exhibited by biofilms (MBECs > 1.5% (v/v)). The IC50s of the commercial essential oils were lower than the MICs, while a one hour application of chlorhexidine was not cytotoxic at concentrations lower than the MIC. In conclusion, the tested commercial essential oils exhibit potential as therapeutic agents against C. albicans, although host cell cytotoxicity is a consideration when developing these new treatments.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/7/1/15Candida albicansoral candidosiscommercial essential oilsbiocidesantifungal activityminimum inhibitory concentrationminimal biofilm eradication concentrationcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Elisa Serra Lilia Araida Hidalgo-Bastida Joanna Verran David Williams Sladjana Malic Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans Pathogens Candida albicans oral candidosis commercial essential oils biocides antifungal activity minimum inhibitory concentration minimal biofilm eradication concentration cytotoxicity |
| title | Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans |
| title_full | Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans |
| title_short | Antifungal Activity of Commercial Essential Oils and Biocides against Candida Albicans |
| title_sort | antifungal activity of commercial essential oils and biocides against candida albicans |
| topic | Candida albicans oral candidosis commercial essential oils biocides antifungal activity minimum inhibitory concentration minimal biofilm eradication concentration cytotoxicity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/7/1/15 |
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