Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan
Recent increases in emissions from freight transport have caused strong concerns about air quality in Pakistan, following the rapid development of projects related to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study reported the first measurements of on-road truck emissions in Pakistan and in...
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498422000825 |
| _version_ | 1797856405219180544 |
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| author | Asad Ali Shaikh Tingkun He Fanyuan Deng Zhenyu Luo Junchao Zhao Zhining Zhang Huan Liu |
| author_facet | Asad Ali Shaikh Tingkun He Fanyuan Deng Zhenyu Luo Junchao Zhao Zhining Zhang Huan Liu |
| author_sort | Asad Ali Shaikh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent increases in emissions from freight transport have caused strong concerns about air quality in Pakistan, following the rapid development of projects related to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study reported the first measurements of on-road truck emissions in Pakistan and investigated their dependence on altitude along CPEC routes. Emissions from 70 trucks were measured on CPEC highways located in Islamabad (540 m above sea level), Sost (2800 m above sea level), and at the Khunjerab Pass (4693 m above sea level). Calculated emission factors for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from heavy-duty trucks in Islamabad were 12.94 ± 1.46, 15.21 ± 1.67, and 10.69 ± 1.34 g km−1 (95% confidence level), respectively, for pre-Pak-II trucks, and 12.75 ± 2.80, 14.24 ± 3.53, and 10.24 ± 2.34 g km−1 (95% confidence level), respectively, for Pak-II trucks, representing 2–20 times higher values than the emission standards in Pakistan and India. An altitude increase of approximately 4000 m, with the associated changes in meteorology and fleet characteristics, induced an average increase of 103.6%, 86.3%, 124.5%, and 133.6% in the emission factors of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide, respectively. Moreover, on-road emissions along the CPEC were mainly influenced by truck types. This study will support the budget evaluation of transport emissions from the CPEC trade fleet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:39:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3ee6412437d344e8a99e1cc56e6969d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-4984 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:39:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3ee6412437d344e8a99e1cc56e6969d72023-03-30T04:27:09ZengElsevierEnvironmental Science and Ecotechnology2666-49842023-04-0114100226Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in PakistanAsad Ali Shaikh0Tingkun He1Fanyuan Deng2Zhenyu Luo3Junchao Zhao4Zhining Zhang5Huan Liu6State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaCorresponding author.; State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, ChinaRecent increases in emissions from freight transport have caused strong concerns about air quality in Pakistan, following the rapid development of projects related to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study reported the first measurements of on-road truck emissions in Pakistan and investigated their dependence on altitude along CPEC routes. Emissions from 70 trucks were measured on CPEC highways located in Islamabad (540 m above sea level), Sost (2800 m above sea level), and at the Khunjerab Pass (4693 m above sea level). Calculated emission factors for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides from heavy-duty trucks in Islamabad were 12.94 ± 1.46, 15.21 ± 1.67, and 10.69 ± 1.34 g km−1 (95% confidence level), respectively, for pre-Pak-II trucks, and 12.75 ± 2.80, 14.24 ± 3.53, and 10.24 ± 2.34 g km−1 (95% confidence level), respectively, for Pak-II trucks, representing 2–20 times higher values than the emission standards in Pakistan and India. An altitude increase of approximately 4000 m, with the associated changes in meteorology and fleet characteristics, induced an average increase of 103.6%, 86.3%, 124.5%, and 133.6% in the emission factors of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide, respectively. Moreover, on-road emissions along the CPEC were mainly influenced by truck types. This study will support the budget evaluation of transport emissions from the CPEC trade fleet.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498422000825Truck emissionsHigh altitudeChina-Pakistan Economic corridorEmission factors |
| spellingShingle | Asad Ali Shaikh Tingkun He Fanyuan Deng Zhenyu Luo Junchao Zhao Zhining Zhang Huan Liu Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan Environmental Science and Ecotechnology Truck emissions High altitude China-Pakistan Economic corridor Emission factors |
| title | Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan |
| title_full | Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan |
| title_short | Altitude-dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Pakistan |
| title_sort | altitude dependent gaseous emissions from freight trucks along the china pakistan economic corridor in pakistan |
| topic | Truck emissions High altitude China-Pakistan Economic corridor Emission factors |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498422000825 |
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